Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Draw a diagram on the formation and breakdown of the Disaccharide Sucrose to show how this occurs.

Although the first two carbons of fructose and glucose are identical in structure to DHAP and GADP (from glycolysis), DHAP and GADP equilibriate on their in solution to favor the ketone over the aldehyde, while fructose and glucose do not.  Why? a)The larger size of the molecule sterically hinders the isomerization b)The larger sugars have more OH groups which hydrogen bond and disrupt isomerization c)The larger sugars cyclize, and there is no carbonyl to isomerize in the cyclic form d)The larger sugars cyclize, and in the cyclic form the hydrogen bonding is very strong e)The larger sugars are less soluble in water than the smaller sugars

Match the following sugars with their corresponding descriptions. A. Esculin J. 1. aldonitol G. rhamnose K cellobiose D. Melibiose E. saccharose C. raffinose H. trehalose F. Glucose B. Lactose Arabinose A. a pentose alcohol. B. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose units linked by 3(1-4) glycosidic bond C. a trisaccharide consisting of galactose, fructose and glucose D. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose units linked by a(1-6) glycosidic bond E. a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose linked by a1-32 glycosidic bond F. a monosaccharide under aldohexoses G. deoxymannose H. a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose units linked by a(1-1) glycosidic bond I. glucoside of esculetin. J. a monosaccharide under aldopentoses K. a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose units linked by B(1-4) glycosidic bond

Pinolenic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is obtained from Siberian pine nuts, Korean pine nuts, and the seeds of other pines. H-C CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH C-CH Part: 0 / 2 Part 1 of 2 H CH, H H C=C H-C H C-CH2 CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 When this fatty acid is partially hydrogenated with one equivalent of H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst, a mixture of constitutional isomers is formed. Modify the given structure to draw one of these possible products.