Consider the algorithm given below for a computing agent that knows how to add and subtract two numbers. Given three positive numbers a, b andc such that a > 0 and b > 0 cep 1: Set the value of c equal to 0 cep 2: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the value of b is 0 cep 3: Set the value of c equal to c + a ep 4: Subtract 1 from b ep 5: Print out the final value of c ep 6: Stop What is the task that the algorithm solves? Is it possible to modify the algorithm such that it works for a computing agent that knows only how to add two numbe
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- Write a python code for two agents to cooperate with each other using message passing technique to reach the goal in a randomly generated maze using A search algorithm.Computer Science A way to avoid overfitting in Deep Neural Networks is to add an additional term R to the loss function L (for example L can be the cross entropy loss) as follows: L(w) + λR(w). (1) You know that one choice for R is the L2 norm, i.e. R(w) = ||w||2 2 . One friend of yours from the School of Maths told you however that there’s no need to use squares (i.e. powers of two) and that you can achieve the same effect by using absolute values, i.e. the L1 norm: R(w) = ||w||1. Would you agree with him? i.e. is the use of the L2 norm equivalent to using the L1 norm for regularization purposes? Justify your answerthe intelligent agent environment designed to solve the crossword puzzle problem is categorized as "static (not dynamic)" Select one: True False
- Suppose that a typing monkey creates random words by appending each of 26 possible letter with probability p to the current word and finishes the word with probability 1 26p. Write a program to estimate the frequency distribution of the lengths of words produced. If "abc" is produced more than once, count it only once.Write a code for a neural network that can learn XOR gate using backpropagation learning algorithm. Use two neurons in the input layer, two neurons in the hidden layer, and one neuron in the output layer. PS: Use python.Create a Turing Machine where the alphabet is { a b c } and L be the language of all words in which all the a's come before the b's and there are the same number of a's as b's and arbitrarily many c's that can be in front, behind, or among the a's and b's. These strings should be accepted ab abc acb cab cacbc caaccbcb caabcb ccacaabcccbccbc These strings should be rejected a b c ba bab abab abbab bbbbaab bbbbbbbbb aaaabbbbb aaabbbbaaabbbb handwritten digaram
- Subject: artificial intelligence Forward chaining and Backward chaining Suppose that the coding resulting from the acceptance of knowledge is as follows: A1 = body temperature >= 38°C A2 = cough A3 = cold A4 = persistent cough especially at night A5 = breath sounds P1 = common fever P2 = normal cough P3 = influenza / viral infection P4 = whooping cough P5 = respiratory tract infection The rules on the knowledge base include: R1 : IF A1 THEN P1 R2 : IF A2 THEN P2 R3 : IF P1 and (P2 or A3) THEN P3 R4 : IF P3 and A4 THEN P4 R5 : IF P3 and A5 THEN P5 The facts obtained from the user are that the fever, cough, and cough are more frequent at night (A1, A2, A4 → true). Explain the steps to get a conclusion if the inference technique used is: a. Forward chaining b. Backward chainingPrinciples of Artificial Intelligence Consider the following story of the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare: The characters are Macbeth, Lady-Macbeth, Duncan and Macduff. Macbeth is an evil noble. Lady-Macbeth is a greedy ambitious woman. Duncan is a king. Macduff is a loyal noble. Macbeth is weak because Macbeth married Lady-Macbeth and because Lady-Macbeth is greedy. Lady-Macbeth persuades Macbeth to want to be king. Macbeth murders Duncan using a knife because Macbeth wants to be king and because Macbeth is evil. Lady-Macbeth kills Lady-Macbeth. Macduff is angry because Macbeth murdered Duncan and because Macduff is loyal to Duncan. Macduff kills Macbeth. Construct a semantic network representing the above story. Show the chain of reasoning leading to Macduff killing Macbeth.Draw a state diagram of a Turing machine (TM) recognizing the fol-lowing language over the alphabet Σ = {0, 1, >}.L = {x > y : x, y ∈L(1(0∪1)∗) ∧bin(x) is a power of 2 ∧bin(x) > bin(y)},where bin(x) is the value of x viewed as a binary number.Note that besides edge labels like 0 → 1, R, we allow abbreviationslike 0 →R, standing for 0 →0, R,and 0, 1 →R, standing for 0 →0, R, 1 →1, R.
- Given strings x = “Deep”, y = “Learning” and an empty string ε, the following are some operations undertaken on the strings: i) Lengths of x, y, ε are |x| = |“Deep”| = 4, |y| = |“Learning”| = 8 and |ε| = 0. ii) The concatenation operation applied over x, y and ε as follows yields the resulting strings and results: x + y = “DeepLearning” y + x = “LearningDeep” x + ε = “Deep” ε + y = “Learning” |x + y| = 12 | ε + y| = 8 iii) “Learn” is a prefix of string y, and “Deep” is a prefix of string x + y. iv) “earning” is a suffix of string y, and “Learning” is a suffix of string x + y. v) “earn” is a substring of string y. vi) x = y is false; x = x+ ε is true. vii) “Lenin” is a subsequence of string y. implement a program using given dataGiven strings x = “Deep”, y = “Learning” and an empty string ε, the following are some operations undertaken on the strings: i) Lengths of x, y, ε are |x| = |“Deep”| = 4, |y| = |“Learning”| = 8 and |ε| = 0. ii) The concatenation operation applied over x, y and ε as follows yields the resulting strings and results: x + y = “DeepLearning” y + x = “LearningDeep” x + ε = “Deep” ε + y = “Learning” |x + y| = 12 | ε + y| = 8 iii) “Learn” is a prefix of string y, and “Deep” is a prefix of string x + y. iv) “earning” is a suffix of string y, and “Learning” is a suffix of string x + y. v) “earn” is a substring of string y. vi) x = y is false; x = x+ ε is true. vii) “Lenin” is a subsequence of string y. make a program using given data:Suppose a Genetic Algorithm uses chromosomes of the form x=abcdef with a fixed length of six genes.Each gene can be any digit between 0 and 9 . Let the fitness of individual x be calculated as : f(x) =(a+b)-(c+d)-(e+f) And let the initial population consist of four individuals x1, ... ,x4 with the following chromosomes : x1 = 3 5 3 2 6 5, x2 = 9 8 0 1 2 2, x3 = 1 2 2 1 2 3, x4 = 7 9 2 3 1 1 1. 1.Evaluate the fitness of each individual, showing all your workings, and arrange them in order with the fittest first and the least fit last. 2. calculate the average fitness. 3. Perform the following crossover operations:a- Cross the fittest two individuals using one point crossover at the middle point.b- Cross the second and third fittest individuals using a two point crossover (points b and e). Suppose the new population consists of the four offspring individuals received by the crossover operations in the above question. Evaluate the fitness of the new population, showing all your…