Consider the transmission of a packet from one end system to another. Each of the four categories of delays that a packet may encounter should be thoroughly described.
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Consider the transmission of a packet from one end system to another. Each of the four categories of delays that a packet may encounter should be thoroughly described.
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- A file of size 20 KiloBytes is transmitted to a destination over a 10 Megabit/s network link (1 Mega = 10^6, 1 Kilo = 10^3, 1 byte = 8 bits). The propagation delay to the destination is 40 milliseconds (1 milli = 10^−3). Assume the queueing delay encountered by packets of the file is negligible. What is the total delay (in milliseconds) for the file to get to its destination?Consider a half-duplex point-to-point link using a stop-and-wait scheme, in which a series of messages is sent, with each message segmented into a number of frames. Ignore errors and frame overhead. A. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the message size so that fewer messages will be required? Other factors remain constant. B. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the number of frames for a constant message size? C. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing frame size?An entry in the switching table of a virtual-circuit network is normally created during the setup phase and deleted during the teardown phase. In other words, the entries in this type of network reflect the current connections, the activity in the network. In contrast, the entries in a routing table of a datagram network do not depend on the current connections; they show the configuration of the network and how any packet should be routed to a final destination. The entries may remain the same even if there is no activity in the network. The routing tables, however, are updated if there are changes in the network. Can you explain the reason for these two different characteristics? Can we say that a virtual-circuit is a connection oriented network and a datagram network is a connectionless network because of the above characteristics?
- A type of data transfer between two independent units requires that control signals be transmitted between the communicating units to indicate the time at which data is being transmitted. One way of achieving this is by means of a Control signal to indicate the time at which data is being transmitted and other method is an Agreement between two independent units. Explain both these methods in detail with all possible diagrams.Problem 3 Consider the problem of deciding whether to implement a virtual- circuit or a datagram network. Assume a network protocol that allows the system to operate as either a virtual circuit network or a datagram network. That is, its packet header format is specified such that it incorporates both a VCI (Virtual Circuit Identifier) and an arbitrary source/destination addresses. When operating as a virtual circuit, it requires a 4-byte header. When operating as a datagram network, it requires a 40-byte header. Assume that there are 4 hops from source to destination, and that a set up or tear down request packet is 80 bytes (including the header). The total message length is 4096 bytes, the data rate is 9600 bps on all links and the packet size is 256 bytes (including the header). i) If we operate in the datagram mode, how long does it take for the first packet to reach the destination? If we operate in virtual-circuit mode, how long does it take for the first packet to reach the…Computer Networks Problem In the CSMA/CD protocol, the network adapter waits K-512 bit times after a collision, where K is drawn randomly. For K=20, how long does the adapter wait until returning to Step 2 for a 10 Mbps broadcast channel?
- Suppose a packet stream as mentioned in the following diagram travelling in a transmission channel. What are your findings for the given diagram and do you think is there any problem in the given diagram? If there is any problem in the given diagram then suggest some suitable solutionThe minimum number of columns in a datagram network is two; the minimum number of columns in a virtual-circuit network is four. Can you explain the reason? Is the difference related to the type of addresses carried in the packets of each network?In a data communication system, several messages that arrive at a node are bundled into a packet before they are transmitted over the network. Assume that the messages arrive at the node according to a Poisson process with rate 30 messages per minute (0.5 per second). Five messages are used to form a packet.What is the mean time until a packet is formed, that is, until five messages arrive at the node?
- Topic: Network Delay Assume two hosts, A and B, that are linked by a single link with a rate of R bps and are spaced m meters away from one another. A packet of size L bits is being sent from Host A to Host B. Suppose that the propagation through the connection is occurring at s meters/second. (Answer the following question while showing work) 1) Give an explanation of the propagation delay, d prop, in terms of the separation between the two hosts and the link's propagation speed. 2) Give examples of how the packet size and link speed affect the transmission time of the packet, d trans.A 1500 byte message is sent over the network using a protocol stack with HTTP, TCP, IP and Ethemet. Each protocol header is 20 bytes long. The percentage of the network bandwidth "on the wire" is wasted due to the overhead is (in %).The minimum number of columns in a datagram network is two; the minimumnumber of columns in a virtual-circuit network is four. Can you explain thereason? Is the difference related to the type of addresses carried in the packetsof each network?
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