Critical Values of the Chi-Squared Distribution Degrees of Freedom (df) Probability (p) I 2 3 4 5 0.05 3.84 5.99 7.82 9.49 II.I The formula for Chi-squared is: where o observed number of individuals e=expected number of individuals x²-Σ[10-017] Σ= the sum of the values (in this case, the differences, squared, divided by the number expected) In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following offspring. Wild-type Male Wild-type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female Fl 0 45 55 0 1 The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring. F2 23 31 22 22 24 24 0

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Michael Cummings
Chapter4: Pedigree Analysis In Human Genetics
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 26QP
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31. Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental genotypes. Show all your
work and explain the importance of your final answer. (4)
32. Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning. You may use Punnett
squares to enhance your description, but the results from the Punnett squares must be discussed in your answer. (4)
33. The brown-eyed female in the F1 generation resulted from a mutational change. Explain what a mutation is, and
discuss two types of mutations that might have produced the brown-eyed female in the F1 generation. (4)

Critical Values of the Chi-Squared Distribution
Degrees of Freedom (df)
Probability (p)
I
2
3
4
5
0.05
3.84
5.99
7.82
9.49
II.I
The formula for Chi-squared is:
where o observed number of individuals
e=expected number of individuals
x²-Σ[10-017]
Σ= the sum of the values (in this case, the differences, squared, divided by the number expected)
In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates
the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following
offspring.
Wild-type
Male
Wild-type
Female
White-eyed
Male
White-eyed
Female
Brown-eyed
Female
Fl
0
45
55
0
1
The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring.
F2
23
31
22
22
24
24
0
Transcribed Image Text:Critical Values of the Chi-Squared Distribution Degrees of Freedom (df) Probability (p) I 2 3 4 5 0.05 3.84 5.99 7.82 9.49 II.I The formula for Chi-squared is: where o observed number of individuals e=expected number of individuals x²-Σ[10-017] Σ= the sum of the values (in this case, the differences, squared, divided by the number expected) In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following offspring. Wild-type Male Wild-type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female Fl 0 45 55 0 1 The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring. F2 23 31 22 22 24 24 0
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