D-Galactose.
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![10. Write the reaction for the reduction of D-Galactose. What type of carbohydrate is formed by this reduction?
CHO
H oH
HO H
H oH
CH,OH
D-Galactose
11. Write the reaction for the complete oxidation of D-Xylulose. What type of carbohydrate is formed by this
oxidation?
CH,OH
HO H
H-
OH
CH,OH
D-Xylulose](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F57a62b75-bfee-45d7-917f-1034acb09bf1%2F3ccb2445-67cd-4eeb-b6aa-80878d0b0b41%2Fmuhh0kn_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Identify the substrate, enzyme, and products in the following chemical reaction: HO но. HO но, HO HO OH HO Lactase NO2 он NO2 OH ONPG p-D-Galactose O-Nitrophenol o-Nitrophenol (ONP) 1. Products B-D-Galactose 2. Substrate Lactase 3. Enzyme ONPG6. Draw condensed structural formulas for all products obtained from the complete hydrolysis of the following triacylglycerol. CH2-0- -(CH2)14-CH3 CH-O-C-(CH2)12-CH3 ČH2-0-C-(CH2),-CH=CH-(CH2),-CH34. Which of the following formulations will give the highest ATP yield upon complete oxidation? Show the number of ATPs produced per mole of the compound. Formulation A: o Sucrose o Pyruvate o 1,2,3-tristearoyl glyceride o Oxaloacetate Formulation B: o Maltose o Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate o Lauric acid o Ala-met-phe-lys-asp
- 33. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? P-O-CH₂ P-O-CH₂ OH A Coo I C=O HOTHS CH₂ Coo A HỌ он D A. The reaction is catalyzed by PFK-1 B. Stimulation of the reaction eventually slows down gluconeogenesis C. Inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phopshate dehydrogenase leads to the accumulation of the product B D. All of the above E. None of the above OH 34. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? COO™ CH₂OH HQ -℗ B CH₂ B C-o-℗ + CO₂ A. Insulin can eventually inhibit the reaction B. The reaction only take place in the presence of acetyl-CoA C. The product B is a high-energy molecule, and the next logical step is to use the energy released from B to synthesize ATP D. All of above E. None of the aboveWhich of the following sugars is a non-reducing sugar? CH,OH CH,OH H/H H H/H H (i) HỎ он H OH OH ÓH OH CH,OH H/H H HOH,C H (ii) HỎ он H -어 OH CH,OH ОН OH CH,OH CH,OH HO H HO/H он (ii) HOH он H. H. ОН ÓH CH,OH CH,OH H/H H/H (iv) HO OH H, H. OH H. ОН HD-Glucose and D-Galactose are A H D C=0 H-C-OH OH C-H H-C-OH H_C-OH CH₂OH D-Glucose ketoses epimers pentoses enantiomers H ... н-с-он OH-C-H он-с-н H-OH CH₂OH D-Galactose
- 10. Procaine is known to undergo faster metabolic hydrolysis than procainamide. Give explanation. -NET2 -NEt2 HN H2N- H2N- Procainamide Procaine 11. In phase 2 metabolic transformation chloramphenicol the primary alcohol is converted to a glucuronide conjugate. Draw chemical structure of the product. Provide the name of enzyme that catalyze this metabolic reaction. он ? CHCI2 O2N- ноWhich of the following best describes the molecule below? . CHOH H H CH OH H OH OH CH OH OH H. OH B -D-galactopyranosyl-(104)-D-glucopyranose a -D-glucopyranosyl-(102)-D-fructofuranoside a -D-glucopyranosyl-(102)-D-glucofuranoside B -D-galactopyranosyl-(104)-D-fructopyranose5. The isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is necessary so that the two molecules generated from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate can proceed through the remainder of the glycolysis pathway. Draw a mechanism for this interconversion using generic acid/base catalysts. E-E CH,OH CHO НС—ОН CH2OPO,2- ČH2OPO,2-
- А CH2OH B CH2OH CH2OH OH OH Но CH2OH OH OH ČH2OH ОН, ОН OH ÓH ОН ÓH D CH2OH OH CH2OH CH2OH Но ỌH OH CH2OH ÓH ÓH Он OH Which of the following is/are reducing sugar/s? Why?5) A certain aerobic organism is able to metabolize the following glycolipid: "CH,OH OH HO OH A. Draw the 2 resulting structures that would occur upon initial hydrolysis of the O-glycosidic bond. B. Calculate how much ATP is formed upon complete aerobic oxidation of one mole of the compound. Assume that no ATP is produced when one mole of the glycosidic bond in the above compound is hydrolyzed. Show calculation below.2. Glvcolate is oxidized into Glvoxylate by cytochrome C using the glycolate oxidase enzyme. The two half- reactions are shown below in their standard reduction forms. но +2 H* (aq) + 2 e Glyoxylate Glycolate CytC-Fe* +e CytC-Fe a) What is the overall reaction in the enzyme redox reaction? b) Given that the (i) equilibrium constant at pH-7 and 25 C for the overall reaction in (a) is 2.14x10", and (i) the biochemical standard reduction potential of cytochrome C is +0.25 V, calculate the overall biochemical standard voltage at the enzyme (E") and the biochemical standard reduction potential of glyoxylate.
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