A bar is subjected to fluctuating tensile load from 30 kN to 120 kN. The material has yield strength of 220 MPa and endurance limit in reversed bending is 180 MPa. According to the Soderberg principle, determine area of of the bar for a factor of safety of 4. cross-section I
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- An aluminum bar has length L = 6 ft and diameter d = 1.375 in. The stress-strain curse for the aluminum is shown in Fig. 1.34. The initial straight, line part of the curve has a slope (modulus of elasticity) of 10.6 × 106 psi. The bar is loaded by tensile forces P = 44.6 k and then unloaded. (a) That is the permanent set of the bar? (b) If the bar is reloaded. what is the proportional limit? hint: Use the concepts illustrated in Figs. l.39b and 1.40.Consider the copper lubes joined in the strength of the copper is err = 200 MPa, figure using a "sweated" joint. Use the properties and what is the maximum load P]iwathat can be dimensions given. applied to the joint if the desired factor of safety in shear is FS_ - 2 and in tension is (a) Find the total elongation of segment 2-3-4 (Two sections of steel drill pipe, joined by bolted flange plates at Ä are being tested to assess the adequacy of both the pipes. In the test, the pipe structure is fixed at A, a concentrated torque of 500 kN - m is applied at x = 0.5 m, and uniformly distributed torque intensity t1= 250 kN m/m is applied on pipe BC. Both pipes have the same inner diameter = 200 mm. Pipe AB has thickness tAB=15 mm, while pipe BC has thickness TBC= 12 mm. Find the maximum shear stress and maximum twist of the pipe and their locations along the pipe. Assume G = 75 GPa.
- The strength-to-weight ratio of a structural material is defined as its load-carrying capacity divided by its weight. For materials in tension, use a characteristic tensile stress obtained from a stress-strain curve as a measure of strength. For instance, either the yield stress or the ultimate stress could be used, depending upon the particular application. Thus, the strength-to-weight ratio RS/Wfor a material in tension is defined as Rs/w= in which a is the characteristic stress and 7 is the weight density. Note that the ratio has units of length. Using the ultimate stress Uas the strength parameter, calculate the strength-to-weight ratio (in units of meters) for each of the following materials: aluminum alloy 606I-T6, Douglas fir (in bending}, nylon. structural steel ASTM-A57.2, and a titanium alloy. Obtain the material properties from Tables [-1 and 1-3 of Appendix I. When a range of values is given in a table, use the average value.A wine of length L = 4 ft and diameter d = 0.125 in. is stretched by tensile forces P = 600 lb. The wire is made of a copper alloy having a stress-strain relationship that may be described mathematically by =18,0001+30000.03(=ksi) in which is nondimensional and has units of kips per square inch (ksi). (a) Construct a stress-strain diagram for the material. (bj Determine the elongation, of the wire due to the Forces P. (c) IF the forces are removed, what is the permanent set of the bar? (d) If the forces are applied again, what is the proportional limit?A circular steel tube with an outer diameter of 75 mm and inner diameter of 65 mm is subjected to torques 7"at its ends. Calculate the maximum permissible torque 7jliajl if the allowable normal strain is ea= 5 X 10"4 Assume that G = 15 GPa.
- The rails of a railroad track are welded together at their ends (to form continuous rails and thus eliminate the clacking sound of the wheels) when the temperature is 60°F. What compressive stress ?? =6.5×10-6 /? is produced in the rails when they are heated by the sun to 120"F if the coefficient of thermal expansion a = the modulus of elasticity E = 30 × 106 psi?A prismatic bar with a length L = 1 m and cross-sectional area A = 1200 mm2 is supported at the ends. The bar is then subjected to a temperature increase ?T = 25°C. Calculate the complete stale of stress acting on an inclined section .rs that is cut through the bar at an angle ?? = 45*. Use E = 200 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion a = 12×10-6/?.Solve the preceding problem if the diameter is 480 mm, the pressure is 20 MPa, the yield stress in tension is 975 MPa, the yield stress in shear is 460 MPa, the factor of safety is 2,75, the modulus of elasticity is 210 GPa, Poissorfs ratio is 0.28, and the normal strain must not exceed 1190 x 10" . For part (b), assume that the tank thickness is 8 mm and the measured normal strain is 990 x 10~ .
- -7 A steel tube (G = 11.5 x 106 psi) has an outer diameter d2= 2.0 in. and an inner diameter dt=1,5 in. When twisted by a torque 7", the tube develops a maximum normal strain of 170 x 10-6. What is the magnitude of the applied torque T?A copper rod of length L = 18.0 in. is to be twisted by torques T (see figure) until the angle of rotation between the ends of the rod is 3.0°. (a) If the allowable shear strain in the copper is 0.0006 rad, what is the maximum permissible diameter of the rod? (b) If the rod diameter is 0.5 in., what is the minimum permissible length of the rod?A slightly tapered bar AB of solid circular crass section and length L is supported at end B and subjected to a tensile load P at the free end A. The diameters of the bar at ends A and B are dAand dB. respectively. Determine the length of the bar if the elongation of the bar due to the load P = 45 kips is 0.02 in. Assume that E = 10,400 ksi.