exist almost exclusively on the exterior side, but not on the cytoplasmic side of th the glycolipids to this side of the membrane. of the membrane is not thick enough to accommodate carbohydrates. are only added to lipids on the lumen side of the ER and Golgi membranes. are removed from the cytoplasmic side by glycosylase enzymes.
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- In a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules are sandwiched between all of the __________. a. hydrophilic tails; hydrophobic heads b. hydrophilic heads; hydrophilic tails c. hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads d. hydrophobic heads; hydrophilic tailsWhich of the following statements are acceptable and why? [Whereas all the carbohydrate in the plasma membrane faces outward on the external surface of the cell, all the carbohydrate on internal membranes faces toward the cytosol.] [Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane.]Which of the following is not a lipid link that anchors membrane-associated proteins to the bilayer? Thioether-linked prenyl anchors. Ester-linked triacylglycerol anchors. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors. Thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors. Amide-linked myristoyl anchors.
- In addition to vitamin A (retinoic acid), which other fat-soluble vitamin has been shown to make lysosomal membranes more unstable and vulnerable to rupture (when the cytosol is acidic)? vitamin E (in the form of a-tocopheryl succinate) vitamin B12 (in the form of cyanocobalamin) vitamin C (in the form of ascorbic acid) vitamin B2 (in the form of riboflavin) vitamin B1 (in the form of thiamine)Which of the following are important factors in the folding of globular proteins in the cytosol? Select as many as apply. Non-polar side chains are normally found on the exterior of proteins Proteins are hydrophobic polymers The cytosol is an aqueous environment. Non-polar side chains tend to group together away from water Proteins are composed of nucleotides Proteins contain both polar and non-polar side chains Peptide bonds are very weak and easily brokenWhich statement about N-linked glycosylation is correct? N-linked oligosaccharides are attached to proteins one sugar at the time in the endoplasmicreticulum. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide during translation in the endoplasmic reticulum. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide during translation inthe cytoplasm. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide after translation inthe Golgi apparatus.
- Which of the following correctly describes how high levels of fatty acid structures contribute to the rigidity of the cell membrane? The cell membrane becomes more rigid as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids with a kinked structure increases. The cell membrane becomes more rigid as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids with a kinked structure increases. The cell membrane becomes more rigid as the amount of saturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases. The cell membrane becomes more rigid as the amount of saturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases. The cell membrane becomes less rigid as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases. , , The cell membrane becomes less rigid as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases. , , The cell membrane becomes less rigid as the amount of saturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases.Eukaryotic membrane fluidity can be decreased by which of the following mechanisms? decreasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cell increasing the number of branched-chain fatty acids of membrane lipidsWhich of the following statements best describes the synthesis of secreted proteins? a.) Secreted proteins are typically synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and carried to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. b.) Secreted proteins are typically synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and carried to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. c.) Secreted proteins are typically synthesized in the Golgi apparatus. d.) Secreted proteins are typically synthesized in the cytoplasm and diffuse to the Golgi apparatus.
- Eukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids decreasing the number of branched chain fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cell increasing the degree of saturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipidsBiological membranes are critical components of cells that allow compartmentalisation of cellular contents. The diagram shows a biological membrane comprised of a lipid bilayer with a single polypeptide integrated into the membrane and spanning the membrane seven times. What types of amino acids are likely present in the parts of the polypeptide chain labelled 1-7 and in the parts of labelled A-G? What is the name of the effect that forces the polypeptide to arrange itself like this within the lipid bilayer? Give an example of a type of molecule that can move freely across the lipid bilayer and explain why it can do so based on its chemical properties.Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to increase that membrane's fluidity? arachidonic acid with 20 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds None of the above arachidonic acid with 20 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bonds
