For several years, evidence had been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects. In a study, doctors enrolled women prior to conception and divided them randomly into two groups. One group, consisting of 2783 women, took daily multivitamins containing 0.8 mg of folic acid; the other group, consisting of 2103 women, received only trace elements. Major birth defects occurred in 31 cases when the women took folic acid and in 47 cases when the women did not. a. At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects? b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer. c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that taking folic acid causes a reduction in major birth defects? Explain your answer. Question content area bottom Part 1 a. Use the two-proportions z-test to conduct the required hypothesis test. Let population 1 be women that took folic acid, and let population 2 be women that did not take folic acid. What are the hypotheses for this test? A.Upper H 0 : p 1 greater than p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2 H0: p1>p2, Ha: p1=p2 B.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 not equals p 2 H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1≠p2 C.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 greater than p 2 H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1>p2 D.Upper H 0 : p 1 not equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2 H0: p1≠p2, Ha: p1=p2 E.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 less than p 2 H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question content area bottom

Part 1

a. Use the two-proportions z-test to conduct the required hypothesis test. Let population 1 be women that took folic acid, and let population 2 be women that did not take folic acid. What are the hypotheses for this test?

A.Upper H 0 : p 1 greater than p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2

H0: p1>p2, Ha: p1=p2

B.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 not equals p 2

H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1≠p2

C.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 greater than p 2

H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1>p2

D.Upper H 0 : p 1 not equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2

H0: p1≠p2, Ha: p1=p2

E.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 less than p 2

H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1<p2

F.Upper H 0 : p 1 less than p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2

H0: p1<p2, Ha: p1=p2

Part 2

Calculate the test statistic.

z=enter your response here

(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

Part 3

Calculate the P-value.

P=enter your response here

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

Part 4

Which of the following is the correct conclusion for the hypothesis test?

At the

significance level,

reject

H0;

the data

provide

sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects.

At the

significance level,

reject

H0;

the data

do not provide

sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects.

At the

significance level,

do not reject

H0;

the data

do not provide

sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects.

At the

significance level,

do not reject

H0;

the data

provide

sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects.

Part 5

b. This study is

▼

an observational study,

a designed experiment,

because the people running the study

▼

did not apply

applied

treatments to the subjects of the study.

Part 6

c. Since the study was

▼

an observational study

a designed experiment

and the conclusion was to

▼

not reject

reject

the null hypothesis, it

▼

could

could not

be reasonably concluded that taking folic acid causes a reduction in major birth defects.

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