Homeotic (Hox genes in vertebrates) code for expression of that regulate the OD) Transcription factors, genes that determine segment identity and structure OC) Poly-A tails, that code for proteins that control muscle differentiation OE) Transcription factors, genes that control muscle differentiation OA) Operators, inducible genes coding for enzymes in metabolic pathways

Homeotic (Hox genes in vertebrates) code for expression of that regulate the OD) Transcription factors, genes that determine segment identity and structure OC) Poly-A tails, that code for proteins that control muscle differentiation OE) Transcription factors, genes that control muscle differentiation OA) Operators, inducible genes coding for enzymes in metabolic pathways

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter9: Molecular Biology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RQ: Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional...

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Regulation of gene expression is necessary because: A) all cells do not need to express all genes B) all genes must be expressed in all cells C) some cells express all genes D) some genes must be expressed in all cells
Which of the following statament is NOT TRUE about gene expression?a. The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages: replication and translationb. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA.c. During gene expression, the information encoded in genes is used to make specific polypeptide chains or RNA molecules.d. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
In 2005, Frederick Blattner and his colleagues foundthat E. coli cells have a global transcriptional programthat helps them forage for better sources of carbon. Many genes, including genes needed for bacterial motility, are turned on in response to poorer carbonsources so that the bacteria can search for better nutrition. You now want to search for genes that regulatethis response. How could you use lacZ fusions to tryto identify such regulatory genes?
Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryo
Master regulatory genes play critical roles in development. Predict the MOST likely fate of a fly embryo where master regulatory genes were nonfunctional due to mutation. A. Cell division would stop, and the embryo would halt development. B. The embryo would be a collection of undifferentiated cells because they never get the message that will send them down a determination pathway. C. The embryo would be a combination of differentiated and undifferentiated cells because, even in the absence of a functional master regulatory gene, some cells will differentiate on their own. D. The embryo would continue to develop, but there is a high probability that some limbs may end up in the wrong place in the adult.
Although humans and nematodes (round worms) have approximately the same number of coding genes, humans exhibit greater phenotypic complexity. This illustrates the ______________________ paradox which can be partly explained by_______________________. Group of answer choices G value, differences in gene regulatory networks (e.g., # transcription factors) C-value, cell size and transposable elements G-value, cell size and transposable elements C-value, differences in gene regulatory networks (e.g., # transcription factors)
Homeotic genes(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression ofgenes responsible for specific anatomical structures.(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.
In the regulatory switch experiment, what do you predict is a likely outcome in mice with the bat-mouse construct? Select one 1.) change in the nucleotide sequence of the Prx1 transcribed region 2.) change in the amount of Prx1 mRNA produced 3.)change in the amino acid sequence of the PRX1 protein 4.)change in the nucleotide sequence of the Prx1 mRNA produced
there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translation
LO: Explain how mutations in regulatory regions of genes differ from mutations in coding region The presence or absence of pelvic spines in the stickleback fish is controlled by whether the Pitx1 gene is expressed in the pelvic tissue. The Figure below shows how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. While the diagram only shows one activator in one tissue, many activators are present in a particular tissue at any one time. Activator molecules with specific shading can bind to switches with the same shading. 3a) Based on the diagram, in which tissues will the PitX1 gene be expressed? 3b) Assume a fish inherits a deletion mutation in the pituitary switch/enhancer sequence. You isolate DNA from jaw, pelvic, eye, and pituitary tissues. In the DNA of which tissue(s) would…
Gene expression does not vary by_______ . a. cell type c. stage of development b. extracellular conditions d. the genetic code
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy toameliorate some human genetic diseases by adding anormal gene copy to cells whose genomes originallyhad only nonfunctional mutant copies of that gene.For example, a form of blindness due to the lack of asingle protein called RPE65 has been reversed byintroduction of a normal RPE65 gene to cells of theretina of adults.a. The success of this gene therapy approach providesus with clues about the role of the RPE65 proteinin the retina. Do you think that RPE65 is neededfor the proper development of the human eye?b. Can you see a potential difficulty in applying this genetherapy approach for diseases like microcephaly?