how does the process of exhalation influence the pH of blood, considering the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) removal in regulating acid-base balance? Discuss the physiological mechanisms involved in maintaining blood pH during exhalation, including the role of respiratory control centers and the relationship between CO2 levels, bicarbonate, (HCO3-), carbonic acid (H2CO3) formation, and pH changes in the bloodstream

What is the equilibrium equation for the interconversion between carbon dioxide, water, carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions?

During the treatment for COVID-19, one complication includes an increase of CO2 in the lungs. This buildup of CO2 can result in a serious condition called respiratory acidosis if the level of H+ significantly changes. If the pH drops by 1 unit, what has happened to the H+ concentration?

Which of the following statements is true for Bohr effect:       a.   Bohr effect describes carbon monoxide poisoning.     b.   Bohr effect prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin.     c.   Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to higher acidity (decreased pH) than in lungs.      d. Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to lower acidity (increased pH) than in lungs.

Explain major extracellular buffer is the CO2/HCO3 2 system?

What is mechanism for Chloride-bicarbonate exchange transport?

Explain why respiration does not normally influence acid-base balance.

Carbon dioxide dissolved in body fluids has a pronounced effect on pH.(a) Does pH go up or down when carbon dioxide dissolves in these fluids? Does this change indicate higher or lower acidity?(b) What does a blood gas analysis measure?

How do the lungs compensate for acid–base imbalances caused by altered levels of metabolic acids?

What is the effect of hyperventilation on respiratory alkalosis? increase decrease nochange