In an immunoassay, antibodies used to recognize and bind to antigens are called primary antibodies and are prepared by injecting animals with that antigen. Secondary antibodies recognize and bind to primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies are prepared by injecting antibodies from animals exposed to the antigen into another animal of the same species.

In an immunoassay, antibodies used to recognize and bind to antigens are called primary antibodies and are prepared by injecting animals with that antigen. Secondary antibodies recognize and bind to primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies are prepared by injecting antibodies from animals exposed to the antigen into another animal of the same species.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP

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Positive and negative controls must be included in any immunoassay. Controls are always run before the experimental samples to establish validity of sample results. A false positive may result from the contamination of the sample with the antigen. only the 1st statement is true only the 2nd statement is true only the 3rd statement is true the 1st and 2nd statements are true the 2nd and 3rd statements are true the 1st and 3rd statements are true all the statements are true all statements are false
Which of the following occurs during an active immunization? Effector and memory cells do not form. A preparation of antibodies is provided to an individual who was already exposed to a lethal agent. A preparation of a specific antigen is provided to a patient to induce immunity by forming effector and memory cells.
The type of immunity which has long lasting effect but has the risk of dying from the disease is __ natural active natural passive artificial active artificial passive
Each year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publish a schedule of recommended vaccinations for infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Parents may refuse recommended vaccinations for their infant, child, or adolescent based on religious or philosophical beliefs or fears regarding the safety of vaccines. What ethical principles need to be considered when dealing with patients and their families who refuse recommended vaccines? How would you approach a parent who refuses the recommended vaccines for their 2-month old infant due to the fear that vaccines can cause autism?
The antibody surface involved in antigen binding varies depending on the size and nature of the antigen. This surface can be concave or flat, and sometimes, can have extended protrusions. This is accomplished by: Flexibility in the hinge regions of the antibody allowing rotation of the antigen-binding sites Some antibodies using V region framework sequences instead of the CDRs to bind antigen The ability of different CDR sequences to form many structurally distinct shapes and surfaces The ability of the same heavy chain to pair with different light chains The differential usage of κ versus λ light chains, as κ chains form concave
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the immunological incompatibility between mother and baby? Select one: a. The baby’s Rh+ blood will never get in contact with the mother’s Rh– blood during the pregnancy as the placenta does not allow fetal blood cells to mix with the maternal blood. b. When the mother has Rh– blood, anti-Rh antibody injection is given during her pregnancy to prevent any antibodies from forming. c. If the baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh–, it does not pose a problem as long as this is the mother’s first pregnancy. d. Rh– blood has no rhesus factor proteins and therefore will produce antibodies for the Rh factor when exposed to Rh+ blood.
Which of the following would produce the most severe immunocompromised condition? Clogged arteries reduce the efficiency with which cells can move throughout the body A virus attacks mast cells, so that they are not able to release signaling factors when they encounter pathogens A mutation in the gene that controls keratin synthesis produces extremely brittle hair, both inside & outside the body Severe burns damaged multiple layers of the skin, so secretions of mucus, sweat & oil are all significant lower than normal None of these conditions affect the immune system
Which of the following is incorrect? Select one: Genetic materials of individuals affect the efficacy of the vaccine Some individuals are vaccine non-responder Efficacy of the vaccine depend on the type of vaccine All types of vaccines can be given for individuals regardless of age
Which set of facts is true for vaccines? They produce active immunity.They are mostly targeted against bacteria. They produce active immunity.They are mostly targeted against viruses. They produce passive immunity.They are mostly targeted against viruses. They produce passive immunity.They are mostly targeted against bacteria. detail explanation needed
Which of the following statement regarding the whole-pathogen vaccine is/are correct (B) Live attenuated whole-pathogen vaccines are more effective to elicit a robust immune response, and often a single dose is sufficient. A and B are correct (A) Inactivated whole-pathogen vaccines are usually less immunogenic and often require booster doses/s A and C are correct (C) Inactivated whole-pathogen vaccines never cause disease but live attenuated vaccines always cause a mild disease.
Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts the ways in which antibiotics and antibodies interact with the cells of pathogens that they can affect during an infection? Group of answer choices Antibiotics and antibodies both enter cells and kill them Antibodies enter cells and kill them; antibiotics attach to the outside of cells Antibiotics enter cells and kill them; antibodies attach to the outside of cells Antibiotics and antibodies both attach to the outside of cells
If you gain immunity to an antigen by receiving a vaccine this is: Natural passive Artificial passive Natural active Artificial active