Individuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Why don’t these individuals exhibit a deficiency of tyrosine?

Q: If this molecule can inhibit toxic effects at 0.5mM against gastric carcinoma cells, does it mean…

A: IC50 is the concentration at which 50% inhibitory effect is observed.

Q: List two ways in which glutathione functions in red blood cells.

A: Glutathione is a tripeptide which means it is composed of three amino acids, namely- glycine,…

Q: How many high-phosphoryltransferpotential molecules are required to synthesize…

A: The cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, a complex class of lipids in which phosphate is…

Q: Define innexin-like

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: TPCK and TLCK are irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases. One ofthese inhibits trypsin and the…

A: Both are irreversible inhibitors.

Q: CK1-41 is a non-competitive inhibitor of caspase-1. Explain.

A: Caspases are those proteases which have cysteine protease catalytic triad nucleophile activity and…

Q: What are the differences between synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine in prokaryotes and…

A: Glycerol is a polyol compound that is made up of more than one hydroxyl group. Glycerol is a…

Q: What do you mean by hypoacetylation of lysines?

A: The process of acetylation is a type of metabolic reaction that is very common to both the animal…

Q: What is Cohesin Complex?

A: DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that the organism inherits from the parental…

Q: Phenylketonuria can result from a mutation in the( PAH) Phenyl Alanine Hydroxylase gene.

A: Phenylketonuria is a genetic defect that is caused by the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase…

Q: What is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) ?

A: Amino acids are monomer units of biological polymers, proteins.  Amino acids contain a basic amino…

Q: Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells,…

A: Sickle cell anemia is the disorder in which abnormality in oxygen carrying hemoglobin present in red…

Q: How does a disorder in mitochondria lead to diabetes? What kind of diabetes is it?And Which two…

A: Mitochondrial disorders:These disorders harm the proper functioning of mitochondria (powerhouse of…

Q: What biochemical changes are required to convert tyrosine to (a)  norepinephrine and (b)…

A: Much of the tyrosine is catabolized for energy production instead of getting incorporated into…

Q: Describe the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylase, adenosinedeaminase, and xanthine…

A: The biosynthesis, interconversion, and degradation of purine/pyrimidine compounds are involved in…

Q: Selenocysteine and pyrolysine differ in the way that they areconverted to their cognate charged…

A: There are 20 Amino acids and selenocysteine and pyrrolysine are 21 and 22 amino acids respectively.

Q: For the conversion of Trypsinogen into Trypsin, how many amino acids should be cleaved and from…

A: Given: For the conversion of Trypsinogen into Trypsin.

Q: Write out a mechanism for the serine triad hydrolysis ofglycylglycine.

A: The dipeptide unit of glycine is glycylglycine. Serine proteases are a group of enzymes that contain…

Q: Explain the amino–imino forms of cytosine and adenine ?

A: Watson and Crick showed a mechanism for the spontaneous occurrence of transitions. Some of the…

Q: Deficiencies of the components of Complexes I, III, and IV tend to have severe physiological…

A: The complex I, II, III, IV, and V are the cytochrome complexes that are part of the oxidative…

Q: How is inosine monophosphate converted to AMP and GMP?

A: Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleotide and an important derivative of inosinic acid include the…

Q: A mutation that changes an alanine residue in the interior of a protein to valine is found to lead…

A: Valine : It is an aliphatic and extremely hydrophobic essential amino acid in humans related to…

Q: What is the biological function of the Neurofibromin-1 (NF1) protein?

A: The Neurofibromin gene is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). It is located on chromosome 17 long arm. It…

Q: What are caspases?

A: Caspases is the abbreviation of Cysteine-aspartic proteases that belong to the protease enzymes…

Q: All the following amino acids produce an intermediate of the TCA cycle except Isoleucine Leucine…

A: TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle also known as Krebs cycle operates in the mitochondria

Q: Insulin possesses two polypeptide chains denoted A and B that are linked by disulfide bonds. Upon…

A: Insulin is composed of two subunits named as A and B. These subunits are attached with each other…

Q: What is the reason why "AUTOcoids" changed to AUTACOIDS? Are there implication of the change

A: Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief…

Q: When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined,…

A: CENTRAL DOGMA- It is the process when DNA replicates itself means it will make copies of itself with…

Q: What cofactors are necessary for methyltransferases t Homocysteine Methionine o work?

A: Methyltransferases are primarily responsible for the transfer of methyl groups to other molecules.

Q: What would be the effect on an organism’s ability to use glucose as an energy source if a mutation…

A: The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) performs the hydrolytic cleavage of glucose 6-phosphate…

Q: What are the term of anticodon loop?

A: Anticodon loop:  at one of the two ends of the tRNA (transfer RNA) three adjacent nucleotide is…

Q: What class of enzyme catalyzes each of the two steps that convert tryptophan to serotonin?

A: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that was synthesized by tryptophan by two steps enzymatic reaction.…

Q: 5-Bromouracil is an analogue of thymine that usually pairswith adenine. However, 5-bromouracil…

A: Introduction 5-Bromouracil, a base analogue of thymine is a well-known mutagen that causes…

Q: How does cleavage of a single peptide bond activate the zymogen?

A: Zymogen, is called proenzyme, with no catalytic activity. However, they are transformed into…

Q: Is there a way to classify or identify the tests needed in order to differentiate C12H22O11 and…

A: C12H22O11 is known as sucrose.  It is a disaccharide sugar, formed by glucose and fructose. It is…

Q: What are the difference between chitosan and TiO2?

A: Difference between chitosan and Ti02 1.Chitosan is the natural linear polysaccharide derived from…

Q: Explain the function of histidine 57 in the mechanism of chymotrypsin.

A: The function of Histidine 57 in the mechanism of chymotrypsin can be described in the following way:…

Q: What aminos acid would the anticodon GAC be translated into?

A: * DNA will have four nucleotides  Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine * RNA will have four…

Q: How Adenine is converted to hypoxanthine ?

A: Adenine is a purine base present in both DNA and RNA.

Q: The process by which thymine dimers are directly repaired with the help of visible light is called

A: In this question,we have to answer by which process thymine dimer directly repaired.

Q: How does fructose-2,6- bisphosphate play a role as an allosteric effector?

A: A molecule that binds to an enzyme and causes allosteric effects is known as an "allosteric…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that decreased the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase?

A: Phosphatidic acid phosphatase is a fat-regulating enzyme that regulates the balance of phosphatidic…

Q: By what the two polypeptides of human insulin are linked together?

A: Insulin is peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic cells that is responsible for reduction of blood…

Q: By means of a structural formula, show how S-adenosylmethionine is a carrier of methyl groups.

A: S-adenosylmethionine is a cofactor involved in methyl transfer in biochemical reactions. Where it…

Q: How does the presence of the poorly hydrolyzable GTP analog GTP?S (in which an O atom on the…

A: Mammalian cell-surface receptors couple to a trimeric G-protein responsible for signal-transducing.…

Q: SH2 domains bind phosphotyrosine residues in deep pockets on their surfaces. Would you expect SH2…

A: Enzymes have certain pockets or active sies into which substrate binds or gets fit. This varies from…

Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.