Inversions may cause a variety of structural changes in the DNA Break points between genes Normal sequence B 5" 3 5 Breaks in DNA 3'5 O 5 3-D 5' 3'5'O 5' 3' O P 3' Inverted alignment B P D 3'5 D 5' 3'-O 5 3'5 3 -5' 3 5 P. Joining of breaks to complete inversion 5" 3" Inversion One break point between genes One within gene C (C disrupted) "C" P B "C" 3 Inversion Break points in genes A and D Creating gene fusions A DP 3 Inversion points of the inversion are clearly not in essential regions. Some of the possible consequences of inversion at the DNA level are shown in Figure 17-26. Most analyses of inversions are carried out on diploid cells that contain one normal chromosome set plus one set carrying the inversion. This type of cell is called an inversion heterozygote, but note that this designation does not imply that any gene locus is heterozygous; rather, it means that one normal and one abnormal chromosome set are present. The location of the inverted segment can often be detected microscopically. In meiosis, one chromosome twists once at the ends of the inversion to pair with its untwisted homolog; in this way, the paired homologs form a visible inversion loop (Figure 17-27). FIGURE 17-26 An inversion may have no effect on genes, may disrupt a gene, or may fuse parts of two genes, depending on the location of the break point. Genes are represented by A, B, C, and D. Template strand is dark green; nontemplate strand is light green; jagged red lines indicate where breaks in the DNA produced gene fusions (A with D) after inversion and rejoining. The letter P stands for promoter; arrows indicate the positions of the break points. o in D.
Inversions may cause a variety of structural changes in the DNA Break points between genes Normal sequence B 5" 3 5 Breaks in DNA 3'5 O 5 3-D 5' 3'5'O 5' 3' O P 3' Inverted alignment B P D 3'5 D 5' 3'-O 5 3'5 3 -5' 3 5 P. Joining of breaks to complete inversion 5" 3" Inversion One break point between genes One within gene C (C disrupted) "C" P B "C" 3 Inversion Break points in genes A and D Creating gene fusions A DP 3 Inversion points of the inversion are clearly not in essential regions. Some of the possible consequences of inversion at the DNA level are shown in Figure 17-26. Most analyses of inversions are carried out on diploid cells that contain one normal chromosome set plus one set carrying the inversion. This type of cell is called an inversion heterozygote, but note that this designation does not imply that any gene locus is heterozygous; rather, it means that one normal and one abnormal chromosome set are present. The location of the inverted segment can often be detected microscopically. In meiosis, one chromosome twists once at the ends of the inversion to pair with its untwisted homolog; in this way, the paired homologs form a visible inversion loop (Figure 17-27). FIGURE 17-26 An inversion may have no effect on genes, may disrupt a gene, or may fuse parts of two genes, depending on the location of the break point. Genes are represented by A, B, C, and D. Template strand is dark green; nontemplate strand is light green; jagged red lines indicate where breaks in the DNA produced gene fusions (A with D) after inversion and rejoining. The letter P stands for promoter; arrows indicate the positions of the break points. o in D.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Referring to Figure 17-26, draw the product if breaks occurred within genes A and B
Transcribed Image Text:Inversions may cause a variety of structural changes in the DNA
Break points between genes
Normal sequence
B
5"
3
5
Breaks in DNA
3'5 O
5 3-D
5'
3'5'O
5' 3' O
P
3'
Inverted alignment
B P
D
3'5 D
5' 3'-O
5
3'5
3
-5' 3
5
P.
Joining of breaks to complete inversion
5"
3"
Inversion
One break point between genes
One within gene C (C disrupted)
"C" P
B
"C"
3
Inversion
Break points in genes A and D
Creating gene fusions
A DP
3
Inversion
points of the inversion are clearly not in essential regions. Some of the possible
consequences of inversion at the DNA level are shown in Figure 17-26.
Most analyses of inversions are carried out on diploid cells that contain one
normal chromosome set plus one set carrying the inversion. This type of cell is
called an inversion heterozygote, but note that this designation does not imply
that any gene locus is heterozygous; rather, it means that one normal and one
abnormal chromosome set are present. The location of the inverted segment can
often be detected microscopically. In meiosis, one chromosome twists once at the
ends of the inversion to pair with its untwisted homolog; in this way, the paired
homologs form a visible inversion loop (Figure 17-27).
FIGURE 17-26 An inversion may have
no effect on genes, may disrupt a gene, or
may fuse parts of two genes, depending
on the location of the break point. Genes
are represented by A, B, C, and D.
Template strand is dark green;
nontemplate strand is light green; jagged
red lines indicate where breaks in the DNA
produced gene fusions (A with D) after
inversion and rejoining. The letter P stands
for promoter; arrows indicate the positions
of the break points.
o in
D.
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