Left factoring is a grammar transformation that is useful for producing a grammar suitable for predictive parsing or top-down parsing. Left factor the following grammars: (i) A→ ad |a |ab |abc |b (ii) A → abB |aB |cdg |cdeB |cdfB (iii) S → iEtS |iEtSeS |a E → b

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Intelligent Machines

Machines that use artificial intelligence to learn from the environment and past experiences to perform better in the presence of variability and uncertainty are called intelligent machines. Intelligence develops according to environment and experience. It is human-like behavior. When the computer system or any programmed machine learns from the inputs and corresponding outputs, it can be called an intelligent machine.