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- Consider two approaches to reducing emissions of CO2 into the environment from manufacturing industries in the United States. In the first approach, the U.S. government makes it a policy to use only predetermined technologies. In the second approach, the U.S. government determines which technologies are cleaner and subsidizes their use. Of the two approaches, which is the command-and-control policy?The chapter defines private enterprise as a characteristic of market-oriented economies. What would public enterprise be? Hint: It is a characteristic of command economies.The three residents of Smallville are consideringa fireworks display. Clark values this public goodat $80; Lana at $50; and Pete (who dislikesfireworks) at −$30. Fireworks cost the town $120,or $40 per person. The efficient outcome is for thetowna. to provide the public good because the medianperson values it more than its cost per person.b. to provide the public good because a majorityof the residents value it more than its cost perperson.c. to provide the public good because the total valueof a majority exceeds the total cost.d. not to provide the public good because the totalvalue of all residents is less than the total cost.
- Consider the decision to adopt a dog. Describe aprivate cost, a private benefit, an external cost, andan external benefit that result from your decisionto adopt a dog.11 When performing a benefit cost analysis of different options to provide clean water to a community, the option that should be chosen is the option that maximizes the benefit to cost ratio. True or False?o ensure all students are protected from getting the flu this year, your school offers free flu shots. What type of externality exists in this example? Question 16 options: Negative consumption externality. Negative production externality. Positive production externality. Positive consumption externality. Neutral externality.
- High-income people are willing to pay more thanlower-income people to avoid the risk of death.For example, they are more likely to pay for safetyfeatures on cars. Do you think cost–benefit analystsshould take this fact into account when evaluatingpublic projects? Consider, for instance, a rich townand a poor town, both of which are considering theinstallation of a traffic light. Should the rich town usea higher dollar value for a human life in making thisdecision? Why or why not?Suppose that a firm’s emissions and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) data are summarized in thetable below. e MAC 0 200 10 180 20 160 30 140 40 120 50 100 60 80 70 60 80 40 90 20 100 0 a. If the price of a pollution permit is $100, how many permits will the firm need? Explain.b. Suppose that the price of a pollution permit increases to $120, how many permits will thefirm need? Explain.c. With this new price of $120, will the firm’s emissions increase or decrease? By howmuch? Explain.d. Can the firm sell any permits? If so, what is the revenue generated from permit sales?Explain.Intermediate MicroeconomicsProblem Set 10.Submission options:• in person during lectures or TA sessions;• in Xiaoye Liao’s mail box at 19 West 4th, 6th Floor;• (less recommended) e-mail Xiaoye Liao atxl775@nyu.edu– in that case, be sure to use the subject line: “Submission Problem Set 10â€.Exercise 1Consider a game of rock-scissor-paper. There are two players, player 1 and player 2,and the winner receives $1 from the loser (if they draw, nothing happens). They playthis game simultaneously.1. What kind of game is this? Express this game in normal form.2. What are the set of possible actions and strategies?3. Find all Nash equilibria of this game.Exercise 2Consider a game represented by the following payoff matrix. Find all pure strategyNash equilibria. UMD LCR?10, 0 ?10, ?1 ?10, ?1?8, ?8 0, ?102, ?14, 57, ?101, 1 Exercise 3Consider a game represented by the following…
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion One advantage of an emissions tax over a cap-and-trade system is that a. permit markets can have transactions costs that taxes do not. b. taxes put a price on pollution, but cap-and-trade systems do not. c. once a cap-and-trade system is in place, there is no way for the government to adjust the price of permits. d. taxes are always popular.Part D E F needed b) Ana also reads that climate change is caused by carbon emissions from air travel. Two airlines run flights between two cities, Air A and Air B. The government has said that the airlines can produce 100 units of carbon emissions between them, under a carbon permit scheme, and should decide how to split the 100 units between them. Air A and Air B have the same operating costs and the same costs of reducing the amount of carbon that they produce per flight.Say Air A has been operating on the route for over 50 years and the government decides to give all the permits to Air A (based on its long use of the route). Air A offers a proportion R of the 100 units of permits to Air B and Air B can accept the offer or reject it and not fly on the route.• How will the other parameters of the model as discussed in this module affect the value of R* at which Air B accepts the offer?• Say that the government gives the permits to Air A for 5 years, and will gives them to Air B for…A4 1. Two chemical companies, A and B, operate in a small New England town. Every week A releases 40 gallons of dioxin into the town’s aquifer, while B releases 30 gallons during the same time frame. It would cost A $800 per gallon to clean up its production, while B can clean up its waste at a cost of $500 per gallon. After this issue is raised at a town hall meeting, the town’s residents vote to reduce total dioxin pollution to 20 gallons per week. a. What would be the total cost of pollution reduction if each company were limited to 10 gallons of waste per week? b. What would the total costs be if each company received 10 gallons worth of tradable pollution credits? 2. A wheat farmer and a cattle rancher occupy adjacent parcels of land. Every year the farmer builds a fence to keep the cattle out of his field, and every year the rancher tears the fence down so that the cattle can roam free. The farmer values the wheat that gets destroyed at $300, while the rancher values having a…
