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- Which of the following statements is true about macrolide antibiotics? Multiple Choice 1-They are considered bactericidal. 2-The most common adverse effect of these drugs is crystalluria. 3-They were discovered in 1935 as a by-product of the dye industry. 4-The newer derivatives include clarithromycin and dirithromycin.Identify a correct statement about tetracyclines. Multiple Choice They have a narrow antibacterial spectrum. They are bactericidal in nature. They bind irreversibly to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Their widespread use has allowed the emergence of bacterial resistance.What is your personal comment on the relevance of this application? Refer to the study below https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824784/ Riboswitches as Drug Targets for Antibiotics Vipul Panchal* and Ruth Brenk*
- What is the mode of action for kanamycin? Is it bacteriostatic or bactericidal? https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/KanamycinExplain how bacteria can become resistant to ampicillin. Be sure to mention the following terms: peptidoglycan, beta lactamase, transpeptidase, beta lactam.Whether an antimicrobial is broad spectrum or narrow spectrum depends on its mode of action. For the following 2 hypothetical drugs, predict whether they are broad spectrum or narrow spectrum. Explain your reasoning: 4. a. Drug A interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis - b. Drug B interferes with 70S ribosome function- c. Drug C interferes with synthesis of a vitamin –
- 6. Definition of Clarithromycin it is the 6-methylene ether of erythromycin it is the 6-methylene ester of erythromycin it is the 6-methyl ester of erythromycin it is the 6-methyl ether of erythromycin 7. ALL are true about Azithromycin EXCEPT: it does not inactivate CYP450 enzymes has better pharmacokinetic properties than Clarithromycin has a long half life could be taken with food 8. This is the microbial source of Chloramphenicol Streptomyces venezuelae Saccharopolyspora erythreae Saccharoplyspora venezeualae Streptomyces erythreae 9. Compound where chloramphenicol is derived from dichloroacetic acid nitrobenzene moiety and dichloroacetic acid nitrobenzene moiety lactone ring 10. Chloramphenicol has bactericidal activity against these bacteria EXCEPT: R. ricketsii B.…All of the following are examples of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance EXCEPT Tetracycline resistance by efflux pumps to pump antibiotic out of the cell Secretion of urease enzyme to produce ammonia (NH3) destroying mucous producing cells Enzymatic destruction of penicillin family antibiotics by beta-lactamases Alteration of tetrapeptide chains by Vancoycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Enzymatic modificaton of aminoglycosides to prevent antibiotic binding to the target moleculeAminoglycosides and ß-lactams are commonly used antibiotics. Write a short account for both antibiotics respectively regarding their antibiotic classes, ways of inhibiting microorganisms and their specificities.
- Explain: 1. Pharmacokinetics of Unclassified Antibiotics 2. Pharmacodynamics of Unclassified AntibioticsWhich ONE of the following best describes ciprofloxacin? Select one: A. Active against Streptococcus pneumoniae B. An inhibitor of RNA synthesis C. An antimicrobial prodrug D. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. E. Subject to new restrictions and precautions for use due to very rare reports of disabling and potentially long-lasting or irreversible side effectsIt is known that 80% of Penicillin is protein bound. Explain how most of it is being cleared from the blood.