Problem Solving 1. Suppose the Central Bank reduces the money supply by 5 percent. Assume the velocity of money is constant. a. What happens to the aggregate demand curve? b. What happens to the level of output and the price level in the short run and in the long run? Give a precise numerical answer. What happens to the real interest rate in the short run and in the long run? Here, your answer should just give the direction of the changes.
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- Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium.a. Use the model of aggregate demand andaggregate supply to illustrate the initialequilibrium (call it point A). Be sure to includeboth short-run aggregate supply and long-runaggregate supply.b. The central bank raises the money supply by5 percent. Use your diagram to show whathappens to output and the price level as theeconomy moves from the initial equilibrium to thenew short-run equilibrium (call it point B).c. Now show the new long-run equilibrium (call itpoint C). What causes the economy to move frompoint B to point C?d. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do nominal wages at point Acompare with nominal wages at point B? How donominal wages at point A compare with nominalwages at point C?e. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do real wages at point A comparewith real wages at point B? How do real wages atpoint A compare with real wages at point C?f. Judging by the impact of the money…Money demand is likely to increase the most during which part of the business cycle? A. recession B. trough Ос. рeak O D. contraction O E. recoverySuppose the economy is in a long-run equilibrium.a. Draw a diagram to illustrate the state of theeconomy. Be sure to show aggregate demand,short-run aggregate supply, and long-runaggregate supply.b. Now suppose that a stock market crash causesaggregate demand to fall. Use your diagramto show what happens to output and the pricelevel in the short run. What happens to theunemployment rate?c. Use the sticky-wage theory of aggregate supplyto explain what happens to output and the pricelevel in the long run (assuming no change inpolicy). What role does the expected price levelplay in this adjustment? Be sure to illustrate youranalysis in a graph.
- The Federal Reserve expands the money supply by 5 percent.a. Use the theory of liquidity preference to illustrate in a graph theimpact of this policy on the interest rate.b. Use the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply to illustratethe impact of this change in the interest rate on output and the pricelevel in the short run.c. When the economy makes the transition from its short-runequilibrium to its new long-run equilibrium, what will happen to theprice level?d. How will this change in the price level affect the demand for moneyand the equilibrium interest rate?e. Is this analysis consistent with the proposition that money has realeffects in the short run but is neutral in the long run?3)Show and explain the effects of an increase in aggregate demand in the long-run and short-run by using AD–AScurves.2)Show and explain by using a graph, what will happen to the price level and real GDP if the quantity of moneyincreases and the increase is not anticipated; that is, the price level is not expected to change.1)By using aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves, show and explain the effects of ananticipated increase in money supply on macroeconomic equilibrium according to Rational ExpectationsHypothesis.Real Interest Rate R It (a) B (b) G (c) F (d) C (e) D ******** F Figure 8.1 The IS curve ************* 0 A E 18₂ B D ISA 1So Short-Run output Ÿ 18. Consider the IS curve in Figure 8.1. If the interest rate increases and there is a positive aggregate demand shock, the economy will move from point A to point
- Exhibit: Shift in Aggregate Demand LRAS SRAS AD CAD AD In this graph, initially the económy is at point E, with price Po and output Y aggregate demand is given by curve ADo, and SRAS and LRAS represent, respectively. short-run and long-run aggregate supply. Now suppose the Fed decides to reduce the money supply. The economy moves first 4o point in the short-run and then, in the long-run, to point O B: C OCB A:D O D. AWhich of the following are examples of monetary policy that decrease aggregate demand? O A. a decrease in the quantity of money and an increase in interest rates O B. a decrease in taxes and a decrease in interest rates O C. an increase in transfer payments and an increase in interest rates O D. an increase in the quantity of money and a decrease in interest rates 身Suppose that when everyone wakes up tomorrow, they discover that thegovernment has given them an additional amount of money equal to the amountthey already had. Explain what effect this doubling of the money supply willlikely have on the following:a. The total amount spent on goods and servicesb. The quantity of goods and services purchased if prices are stickyc. The prices of goods and services if prices can adjust?
- Suppose the current administration decides to decreasegovernment expenditures as a means of cutting theexisting government budget deficit.a. Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, showthe effects of such a decision on the economy in theshort run. Describe the effects on inflation and output.b. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, theinflation rate, and the output level if the FederalReserve decides to stabilize the inflation rate?The quantity theory of money: What is the key endogenous variable in the quan-tity theory? Explain the efect on this key variable of the following changes: (a) Te money supply is doubled.(b) Te velocity of money increases by 10%.(c) Real GDP rises by 2%.(d) Te money supply increases by 3% while real GDP rises by 3% at thesame time1. Suppose that the economy has the following money supply and demand equations: Money Supply: M = 8000Money Demand: M= 10,000 – 40,000rwhere money is in billions of dollars and interest rates, r , is written as a decimal(e.g., an interest rate of 10% would be written as .1 in the equation).A. Determine the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money.B. What will happen in the money market if the interest rate is currently 10%?What is the amount of excess supply of or excess demand for money?C. Show in graph that at this interest rate (10%) there is disequilibrium in themoney market.