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- QUESTION 22 When the final product of a series of enzymatically-catalyzed reactions binds to the first enzyme in the pathway to limit its production, it generally uses ___ because the structure of this final product is generally not similar to that of any of the enzyme's normal substrates. Allosteric activation Zymogen activation Covalent modification Competitive inhibition Allosteric inhibitionQuestion No. 1 Give the advantages and disadvantages of submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation. Give two examples of acetic acid fermentation.QUESTION 2 2.1 Draw a metabolic chart indicating the carbohydrate transporters involved in intestinal transport and distribution of glucose, ga/actose and fructose. 2.2. Draw a metabolic chart depicting the reactions of phase 1 of the glycolysis pathway, including metabolite names, enzyme names and cofactors. Chemical structures are not a requirement in this answer 2.3.raw a diagram of the reactions of mitochondria/ 8-oxidation of hexanoic acid (CH3-(CH2)4-COOH). Include activation and mitochondria/ transportation and the structures of the intermediates
- Question 1: Cytochrome c oxidase actually conserves energy not just by pumping protons from the matrix to cytosol but also by consuming protons from the matrix in production of water. If consumption of a matrix proton has a similar effect on the gradient as pumping a proton (not strictly true but a fair place to start), what would the efficiency of energy conservation be?Question 29 options: If 6 molecules of acetyl CoA were completely oxidized by the CAC, how many molecules of FADH2 would be produced?Question 5 Match the given choices below with the correct question/ description. Which is known as β-D-glucopyranose? Which is the functional isomer of β-D-glucopyranose? Which is a C-4 epimer of glucose? This test results to a brick-red precipitate This test is used for the detection of pentoses I. Choice B…
- Question 1: The overall process enabled by the glyoxylate cycle is: (2acetyl-CoA) + (NAD+) + (2H2O) → (succinate) + (2CoA) + (NADH) + (2H+) Dissect this process further by writing down all of the reactions that are actually involved in making one succinate from two acetyl-CoA units. Show chemical structure for all intermediates.Question 6 Give a diagrammatic representation of fatty acid synthase complex and discuss the regulation of fatty acid synthesis.QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonic
- Question 1: The 4 kinase steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. Write each of these four reactions, including all participants. i. ii. iii. iv.Question: A. To explore the consequences of coupling ATP hydrolysis under physiological conditions to a thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical reaction, consider the hypothetical transformation X⟶Y, for which Δ?′°=20.0 kJ/mol. What is the ratio of [Y]/[X][Y]/[X] at equilibrium? B. Suppose XX and YY participate in a sequence of reactions during which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The overall reaction is X+ATP+H2O⟶Y+ADP+Pi Calculate [Y]/[X] for this reaction at equilibrium. Assume that the temperature is 25.0 °C and the equilibrium concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are 1.00 M each. C. We know that [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are not 1.00 M under physiological conditions. Calculate [Y]/[X] for the ATP‑coupled reaction when the values of [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are those found in rat myocytes. Metabolite Concentration in rat myocytes (M) ATP 8.05x10-3 ADP 0.93x10-3 Pi 8.05x10-3Full question provided for context, please only answer part 2 Question 3Every year, millions of children go blind because of vitamin A deficiency. Humans cannotproduce vitamin A, thus they must consume vitamin A or a vitamin A precursor such as betacarotene.You want to create a yeast strain that contains the entire beta-carotene pathwayso that you can study the biochemistry of beta-carotene and vitamin A synthesis. Youdiscovered a yeast strain that contains the majority of the enzymes required for beta-caroteneproduction.1. You are tasked with supplying the missing enzyme, β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase (BCMO) to these yeast cells. Design a DNA cloning workflow forthe expression of the BCMO gene in these yeast cells. In your response, youshould also explain and provide the overall principles of these techniques. 2. Suggest a technique you could use to confirm that you have the correct BCMOprotein in these yeast cells. Provide reasons for your choice and describe itsprinciple in detail.