Specific Heat Capacity: - Specific heat of water = 4.18 - AT=Te-Ti Q=mc AT = energy transfered (joules) m = mass of water (grams) c= specific heat capacity AT = temperature change (K or °C) AH = (Product Final Energy - Reactant Initial Energy) AH = H products - H reactants Average rate Final concentration - initial concentration Final time - initial time

Specific Heat Capacity: - Specific heat of water = 4.18 - AT=Te-Ti Q=mc AT = energy transfered (joules) m = mass of water (grams) c= specific heat capacity AT = temperature change (K or °C) AH = (Product Final Energy - Reactant Initial Energy) AH = H products - H reactants Average rate Final concentration - initial concentration Final time - initial time

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter9: Chemical Reactions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.43EP

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When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?
Insoluble AgCl(s) precipitates when solutions of AgNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq) are mixed. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) rH = ? To measure the energy evolved in this reaction, 250. mL of 0.16 M AgNO3(aq) and 125 mL of 0.32 M NaCl(aq) are mixed in a coffee-cup calorimeter. The temperature of the mixture rises from 21.15 C to 22.90 C. Calculate the enthalpy change for the precipitation of AgCl(s), in kJ/mol. (Assume the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL and its specific heat capacity is 4.2 J/g K.)
Explain why each of the following chemical equations is not a correct formation reaction: 4Al( s )+3 O 2 ( g )2 Al 2 O 3 ( s ) N 2 ( g )+ 3 2 H 2 ( g ) NH 3 ( g ) 2Na( s )+O( g ) Na 2 O( s )
Combustion of table sugar produces CO2(g) and H2O( l). When 1.46 g table sugar is combusted in a constant-volume (bomb) calorimeter, 24.00 kJ of heat is liberated. a. Assuming that table sugar is pure sucrose, C12H22O11 (s), write the balanced equation for the combustion reaction. b. Calculate E in kJ/mol C12H22O11 for the combustion reaction of sucrose.
9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water: NH4NO3(s)NH4+(aq)+NO3(aq) H= 25.69 kJ A particular cold pack contains 50.0 g of NH4NO3 and 125.0 g of water. When the pack is squeezed, the NH4NO3dissolves in the water. If the pack and its contents are initially at 24.0°C, what is the lowest temperature that this bag could reach? (Assume that the ammonium nitrate solution has a specific heat of 4.25J g-l K-l, and that the heat capacity of the bag itself is small enough to be neglected.)
Would the amount of heat absorbed by the dissolution in Example 5.6 appear greater, lesser, or remain the same if the experimenter used a calorimeter that was a poorer insulator than a coffee cup calorimeter? Explain your answer.
Explain in your own words what is meant by the term entropy. Explain how both matter spread and energy spread are related to the concept of entropy.
The combustion of methane, is an exothermic process. Therefore, the products of this reaction must possess (higher/ lower) total potential energy than do the reactants.
7-69 Pure carbon exists is several forms, two of which are diamond and graphite. The conversion of the diamond form to the graphite form is exothermic to a very slight extent. How is it that jewelers can advertise "Diamonds are forever"?
9.58 For the reaction C2H2(g)+2H2(g)C2H6,H=136 kJ. What are the ratios that can be defined between moles of substances and energy?
Methane, CH4, can be converted to methanol, which, like ethanol, can be used as a fuel. The energy level diagram shown here presents relationships between energies of the fuels and their oxidation products. Use the information in the diagram to answer the following questions. (The energy terms are per mol-rxn.) (a) Which fuel, methanol or methane, yields the most energy per mole when burned? (b) Which fuel yields the most energy per gram when burned? (c) What is the enthalpy change for the conversion of methane to methanol by reaction with O2(g)? (d) Each arrow on the diagram represents a chemical reaction. Write the equation for the reaction that converts methane to methanol.

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