Suppose that friends Jennifer, Stephanie, and Megan cannot agree on how much to spend for a bouquet of flowers to send to a person who allowed them to use her beach house for the weekend. Jennifer wants to buy a moderately priced bouquet, Stephanie wants to buy an expensive bouquet, and Megan wants to buy a very expensive bouquet. Assuming no paradox of voting, majority voting will result in the decision to buy Multiple Choice an inexpensive bouquet a very expensive bouquet a moderately priced bouquet. an expensive bouquet.
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Suppose that friends Jennifer, Stephanie, and Megan cannot agree on how much to spend for a bouquet of flowers to send to a person who allowed them to use her beach house for the weekend. Jennifer wants to buy a moderately priced bouquet, Stephanie wants to buy an expensive bouquet, and Megan wants to buy a very expensive bouquet. Assuming no paradox of voting, majority voting will result in the decision to buy Multiple Choice an inexpensive bouquet. a very expensive bouquet. a moderately priced bouquet. an expensive bouquet. B
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- Consider a setting in which player 1 moves first by choosing among threeactions: a, b, and c. After observing the choice of player 1, player 2 choosesamong two actions: x and y. Consider the following three variants as towhat player 3 can do and what she knows when she moves:a. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 knows player 2’s choice when she moves. Write down theextensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)b. If player 1 chose a, then player 3 selects among two actions: high andlow. Player 3 does not know player 2’s choice when she moves. Writedown the extensive form of this setting. (You can ignore payoffs.)c. If player 1 chose either a or b, then player 3 selects among two actions: high and low. Player 3 observes the choice of player 2, but not that of player 1. Write down the extensive form of this setting.(You can ignore payoffs.)Kimberly's sister would like to start a business with her brother selling simple T-shirts that are green in color at all stores in the area. Her brother disagrees and thinks that the shirts should have a special logo on them and should be sold only at specific stores. As the deciding vote, what should Kimberly choose and why? Choose one: A selling green T-shirts because prices will be higher as the number of stores increases B. selling green T-shirts because prices will be higher as the shirt becomes more commonplace OC. selling shirts with a special logo because prices will be higher as the shirts becomes more unique OD. selling shirts with a special logo because prices will be higher as the shirts are sold in fewer stores OE. both C and DBob - Don't Confess Confess В: 10 years J: 10 years В: 20 years J: 1 year Confess Joe В: 1 year J: 20 years В: 2 years J: 2 years Don't Confess The tal above shows the payoff matrix for a prisoners' dilemma. In the Nash equilibrium O Joe will serve 20 years, and Bill will serve 1 year. Bill will serve 20 years, and Joe will serve 1 year. O Both prisoners get 2 years in jail. Both prisoners get 10 years in jail.
- part G H I 4.7. The instant recall method works as follows. If there is a candidatewith the majority of the first-place votes, that candidate is declaredthe unique winner. Otherwise, the candidate with the plurality of thefirst-place votes is eliminated from the slate and the process is repeatedamong the remaining candidates. (Ignore the possibility that there maybe a tie for plurality winner.) The method is inspired by the recall elections that are permitted for California gubernatorial elections, which ineffect leave a system where plurality winners lacking majority supportare recallable, and so the ultimate holder of the governor’s office, if theelectorate so chooses, is the first candidate able to withstand a recall(the first candidate to have majority support) after prior plurality winners are eliminated (i.e., recalled). Arnold Schwarzenegger took office inCalifornia via a recall election.(a) Does instant recall satisfy anonymity?(b) Does instant recall satisfy neutrality?(c)…Mr. and Mrs. Ward typically vote oppositely in elections and so their votes "cancel each other out." They each gain 14 units of utility from a vote for their positions (and lose 14 units of utility from a vote against their positions). However, the bother of actually voting costs each 7 units of utility. The following matrix summarizes the strategies for both Mr. Ward and Mrs. Ward. Mrs. Ward Vote Don't Vote Vote Mr. Ward: -7, Mrs. Ward: -7 Mr. Ward: 7, Mrs. Ward: -14 Mr. Ward Don't Vote Mr. Ward: -14, Mrs. Ward: 7 Mr. Ward: 0, Mrs. Ward: 0 The Nash equilibrium for this game is for Mr. Ward to and for Mrs. Ward to Under this outcome, Mr. Ward receives a payoff of units of utility and Mrs. Ward receives a payoff of units of utility. Suppose Mr. and Mrs. Ward agreed not to vote in tomorrow's election. True or False: This agreement would increase utility for each spouse, compared to the Nash equilibrium from the previous part of the question. O True O False This agreement not to vote a…2. Individual Problems 15-2 Mr. and Mrs. Ward typically vote oppositely in elections and so their votes "cancel each other out." They each gain 20 units of utility from a vote for their positions (and lose 20 units of utility from a vote against their positions). However, the bother of actually voting costs each 10 units of utility. The following matrix summarizes the strategies for both Mr. Ward and Mrs. Ward. Mr. Ward Vote Vote Mr. Ward: -10, Mrs. Ward: -10 Don't Vote Mr. Ward: -20, Mrs. Ward: 10 The Nash equilibrium for this game is for Mr. Ward to payoff of O True Mrs. Ward O False Don't Vote Mr. Ward: 10, Mrs. Ward: -20 Mr. Ward: 0, Mrs. Ward: 0 units of utility and Mrs. Ward receives a payoff of Suppose Mr. and Mrs. Ward agreed not to vote in tomorrow's election. This agreement not to vote True or False: This agreement would increase utility for each spouse, compared to the Nash equilibrium from the previous part of the question. and for Mrs. Ward to units of utility. a Nash…
- Consider the strategic voting game discussed at the endof this chapter, where we saw that the strategy profile (Bustamante, Schwarzenegger,Schwarzenegger) is a Nash equilibrium of the game. Show that (Bustamante, Schwarzeneg-ger, Schwarzenegger) is, in fact , the only rationalizable strategy profile. Do this by firstconsidering the dominated strategies of player L. (Basically, the question is asking youto find the outcome of the iterative elimination of strictly dominated strategies)Suppose Tom, Mary and Jill have apartments in the same building, and installing a security system for their building costs $750. Tom is willing to pay $100 for the security system, Mary is willing to pay $300 and Jill is willing to pay $300. If the three of them hold a vote on whether to install the system and split the cost equally, how will the vote go? O Nobody would vote yes O Only one would vote yes Only two would vote yes All three would vote yesAll societies must take decisions on collective resources should be allo- cated. In democratic societies such decisions are often taken by majority voting, as a matter of fact democracy is often associated with majority voting. However, it has for a long time been known that this way of taking collective decisions is associated with certain problems. (a) Assume that a small city should decide whether they should build a new public library (x), a new public swimming pool (y), or improving the street lightning along the city's main street (z). Only one of these alternative can be started during the next budget year. The city population can be divided into three equally large groups, the members of each group has the following preference ordering for these alternatives: 1:x > y > z, 2: y > z> x, 3:z > x> y.
- Mr. and Mrs. Ward typically vote oppositely in elections and so their votes “cancel each other out.” They each gain 4 units of utility from a vote for their positions (and lose 4 units of utility from a vote against their positions). However, the bother of actually voting costs each 2 units of utility. The following matrix summarizes the strategies for both Mr. Ward and Mrs. Ward. Mrs. Ward Vote Don't Vote Mr. Ward Vote Mr. Ward: -2, Mrs. Ward: -2 Mr. Ward: 2, Mrs. Ward: -4 Don't Vote Mr. Ward: -4, Mrs. Ward: 2 Mr. Ward: 0, Mrs. Ward: 0 The Nash equilibrium for this game is for Mr. Ward to (vote/not vote) and for Mrs. Ward to (vote/not vote) . Under this outcome, Mr. Ward receives a payoff of ____ units of utility and Mrs. Ward receives a payoff of ____ units of utility. Suppose Mr. and Mrs. Ward agreed not to vote in tomorrow's election. True or False: This agreement would increase utility for each spouse, compared to the Nash…0 E F 3 2 FIGURE 2 23 D G 2 H 0 1 (2) Two friends, Albert (A) and Berta (B), have to decide on going to one of three bars, Xenia's (X), Yara's (Y), or Zana's (Z). They decide to select a bar by alternatively vetoing bars until one remains. First Albert vetoes a bar. If at least two bars remain, then Berta vetoes another bar. That process continues until a single bar remains unvetoed. Suppose Albert prefers Xenia's to Yara's to Zana's and Berta prefers Zana's to Yara's to Xenia's. Assume that, for each of the two, going to their most preferred bar gives a utility of 2, going to their next preferred bar gives a utility of 1, and going to their least preferred bar gives a utility of 0. Model this as an extensive form game and find its Nash equilibria. Which of the Nash equilibria are subgame perfect?Please no written by hand Two players bargain over how to split $10. Each player i ∈ {1, 2} choose a number si ∈ [0, 10] (which does not need to be an integer). Each player’s payoff is the money he receives. We consider two allocation rules. In each case, if s1 + s2 ≤ 10, each player gets his chosen amount si and the rest is destroyed. 1. In the first case, if s1 + s2 > 10, both players get zero. What are the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria? 2. In the second case, if s1 + s2 > 10 and s1 6= s2, the player who chose the smallest amount receives this amount and the other gets the rest. If s1 + s2 > 10 and s1 = s2, they both get $5. What are the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria? 3. Now suppose that s1 and s2 must be integers. Does this change the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria in either case?