2933 (for decrption) Assuming a=01, b=02, . , z=26, and we group the digits in groups of three. (ii) If you receive strings of digits from a sender: 199770170, 1288754980, 324346846, 1370682962, decrypt the message.
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- Experiment 1: IMPLEMENTATION OF CAESAR CIPHER Objective: To implement the simple substitution technique named Caesar cipher using C+ language. Theory: To enerypt a message with a Caesar cipher, each letter in the message is changed using a simple rule: shift by three. Each letter of the message is shifted a fixed distance (3 for example) down the alphabet, A becomes D, B becomes E, and so on. For the last letters, we can think of alphabet as a circle and "wrap around", W becomes Z. X becomes A, Y becomes B, and Z becomes C. To change a message back, cach letter is replaced by the one three before it. Example ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ t t t t t t t t ttt t t t t t t tt t t t t t t ft DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW XY Z ABc) digorithm STEP-1: Read the plain text from the user. STEP-2: Read the key value from the user. STEP-3: If the key is positive then encrypt the text by adding the key with each character in the plain text. STEP-4: Else subtract the key from the plain text. STEP-5: Display the…If A={8,12,16,20} and B={12,16,20,24,28}, what is the value of P (A and B)?Given A={1,2,3,4,56}, B= {2,4,5,6} and C= (1,6,7} 1. B' U C'=
- Q4/Full the following blanks (1101 1010)BCD(5211) = ( )BCD(3321)=()EX-3=()16 * (1101 1010)BCD(5211) = (1110 1100)BCD(3321)=(1010110)EX-3= (A6)16 (1101 1010)BCD(5211) = (1110 0111)BCD(3321)=(1011001)EX-3= (56)16 (1101 1010)BCD(5211) = (1101 0111)BCD(3321)=(1011001)EX-3= (2B)16 (1101 1010)BCD(5211) = (1011 1110)BCD(3321)=(1000111)EX-3= (44)16 None of them IIint h(int key) { int x = (key + 7) * (key + 7); x - x / 16; x = x + key; x = x % 11; return x; Suppose that collisions are resolve via linear probing. The integer key values listed below are to be inserted in the order given in the table. Show the initial slot (the slot to which the key hashes, before any probing), the probe sequence (if any) for each key, and the final contents of the hash table after the following key values have been inserted in the given order (show your work): Key Value Initial Slot Probe Sequence 43 23 1 15 31 4. 7 11 3 Final Hash Table: Slot 3. 4 6. 7 8. 9. 10 KeyLet L10 = (a^bmcki k = n + m and n,m,k2 0}. Design a %3D CFG to generate L10.Then design a PDA to generate L10. This can be based on your CFG using the method described in the book, but does not have to be.
- Use RSA cryptography with public key p = 11 q = 13 and e = 23 to encrypt your unique student number. You need to remove all the consecutive zeros in the middle of the student number, then divide your student number into the blocks of two-digits from left to right. Afterwards, you will need to encrypt the resulted list of numbers by RSA. For example, the student number 13060009867 becomes the list of [13, 6, 98, 67]. Then you need to directly encrypt the numbers 13, 6 , 98 and 67 by RSA.A wrestling tournament has 256 players. Each match includes 2 players. The winner each match will play another winner in the next round. The tournament is single elimination, so no one will wrestle after they lose. The 2 players that are undefeated play in the final game, and the winner of this match wins the entire tournament. How would you determine the winner? Here is one algorithm to answer this question. Compute 256/2 = 128 to get the number of pairs (matches) in the first round, which results in 128 winners to go on to the second round. Compute 128/2 = 64, which results in 64 matches in the second round and 64 winners, to go on to the third round. For the third round compute 64/2 = 32, so the third round has 64 matches, and so on. The total number of matches is 128 + 64 + 32+ .... Finish this process to find the total number of matches.Encryption Matrices are commonly used to encrypt data. Here is a simple form such an encryption can take. First, we represent each letter in the alphabet by a number, so let us take = 0, A = 1, B = 2, and so on. Thus, for example, "ABORT MISSION" becomes [1 2 15 18 20 0 13 9 19 19 9 15 14]. To encrypt this coded phrase, we use an invertible matrix of any size with integer entries. For instance, let us take A to be the 3 2 2 x 2 matrix 4 1 We can first arrange the coded sequence of numbers in the form of a matrix with two rows (using zero in the last place if we have an odd number of characters) and then multiply on the left by A. 3 2 1 15 20 13 19 9 14 Encrypted Matrix = 4 1 2 18 0 9. 19 15 0 7 81 60 57 95 57 42 = 6 78 80 61 95 51 56 which we can also write as [7 6 81 78 60 80 57 61 95 95 57 51 42 56]. To decipher the encoded message, multiply the encrypted matrix by A1. The following exercise uses the above matrix A for encoding and decoding. Use the matrix A to encode the phrase "GO…
- This question relates to hash functions for block ciphers Block size = 4 bits Hash size = 4 bits Encryption function: Divide the key into two halves: LK and RK; Divide the plaintext into two halves: LT and RT; Then ciphertext= LC||RC where LC=LK XOR RT; and RC = RK XOR LT; where LC, RC, LT, and RT are each 2 bits; Plaintext and ciphertext are each 4 bits. g(H) = a 4-bit string that is equal to the complement of bits in H; For example, if H=A (Hexa) = 1010 (binary); then g(H)= 0101 H0 = Initial hash = C (in Hexa) Given message M: D9 (in Hexa); a. Determine the hash (in hexadecimal) of the message M using Martyas-Meyer-Oseas hash function b. Determine the hash (in hexadecimal) of the message M using Davis-Meyer hash function c. Determine the hash (in hexadecimal) of the message M using Migayuchi-Preneel hash functionCSE LAB The Government of United States of America has decided to issue new currency notes with special protection features to so as to commemorate a great mathematician. They have decided to issue notes summing up to N and all the sums from 1 to N should only made by selecting some of the notes in only one unique way. With n = 5 the sets {1,1,1,1,1}, {1,2,2}, {1,1,3} are valid. Your task is to design a C++ code that output the solution in one line. Sample Input - 100 Sample Output - 3Encryption methods, such as the Caesar Cipher encryption, allow us to encrypt and decrypt text using a special key. Another method of encrypting text / passwords is called hashing. Hashing uses special algorithms to 'scramble' the text, which is tougher to be hacked. The hash function can take numbers, letters, and symbols as input, then the function applies one of the special algorithms to output the scrambled text. The longer the output string is, the harder to hack the hashed data. The difference between hashing and the Caesar Cipher encryption is that one cannot 'decrypt' a hashed data to its original text. Since a hashed data cannot be decrypted, a user must enter the original text, which will be hashed by the program. Then the program compares the hashed value with the hashed data stored previously for the original text. A salt is used, at times, to create a random sequence that is added to the original text before using the hashing algorithm. This can help prevent the Brute…