The fluorescence microscopy images below show the same cell imaged for a tubulin-GFP fusion protein and a fluorescent DNA stain. The rightmost image is a digital merger of the first two. Tubulin-GFP DNA stain Merged image At this stage in the cell cycle, the mitotic CDK complex has reached peak activity. In four or fewer sentences, describe how this mitotic CDK activity results in: 1) protease cleavage of cohesin and 2) eventual targeting of mitotic cyclins for degradation.

The fluorescence microscopy images below show the same cell imaged for a tubulin-GFP fusion protein and a fluorescent DNA stain. The rightmost image is a digital merger of the first two. Tubulin-GFP DNA stain Merged image At this stage in the cell cycle, the mitotic CDK complex has reached peak activity. In four or fewer sentences, describe how this mitotic CDK activity results in: 1) protease cleavage of cohesin and 2) eventual targeting of mitotic cyclins for degradation.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19P: Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types â€œexitâ€� the cell cycle and...

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A small amount if cytoplasm isolated from a mitotic cell is injected into an unfertilized frog oocyte, causing the oocyte to enter M phase. A sample of the injected cytoplasm is then taken and injected into a second oocyte, causing this cell also to enter the M phase. this process is repeated many times until essentially, none of the original protein samples remains, and yet, cytoplasm taken from the last in the series on injected oocytes is still able to trigger entry into the M phase with undiminished efficiency. Explain this remarkable observation.
In order to investigate the cell cycle in HEK293 cells in culture, I ran a flow cytometry experiment. I labeled their nuclei with DAPI to analyze DNA content. In these flow cytometry plots below, label the two main phases of the cell cycle that you can see. Briefly, explain your answer.
Kinetochores control the transition from metaphase to anaphase. Why is this statement true? Question 7 options: a) Anaphase will only begin after the M checkpoint where all the kinetochores and mitotic spindle have correctly attached. b) Anaphase will only begin after the M checkpoint where all the mitotic spindle have correctly formed. c) Kinetochores bind to microtubules in monotelic attachment to the sister chromatids. d) Kinetochores bind to microtubules in syntelic attachment to the sister chromatids. e) Kinetochores will halt at the M checkpoint to weaken the mitotic spindle formation, which is the event that initiates anaphase.
"Agent V" is the name of an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug. This drug works against cancer cells by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in sensitive cells. Consider a cell that is sensitive to agent V (in other words, agent V is effective at stopping growth of this cell). Based on this information, agent V would cause the cell to be frozen at which of the major cell cycle checkpoints (G1, G2 or M checkpoint)? Explain
During mitosis, the cohesin protein holds the sister chromatids together and is broken down by the ___________ protein. Shugosin protects cohesin from being broken down in the ________________ region until the anaphase stage when the sister chromatids separate. separase; centromere cyclin; centrosome H1 histone; heterochromatic shugoshin; nuclear ribobuclease; cytoplasmic
Need help If the mitotic spindle does not correctly attach to chromosome kinetochores, the spindle assembly checkpoint will be activated. Select all correct outcomes for chromosomes not correctly attached to mitotic spindle A) centrosome duplication will not occur B) M cyclin will be degraded C) APC will be inhibited D) chromosomes will not segregate E) Mad2 will bind to unattached kinetochores F) mitosis will halt at metaphase/anaphase transition
Choose all of the TRUE statements. Hint: 4 statements are true. Cytokinesis occurs the same way in both plant and animal cells. Sister chromatids are genetically identical. The term chromosome can be used to describe both chromosomes composed of one and two chromatids. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. All eukaryotic somatic cells are diploid. Cyclin dependent kinases are present but not active in cell cycle regulation without the presence of cyclin proteins. Chromosomes are always visible in the cell.
To identify genes controlling the cell cycle in budding yeast, a genetic screen was carried out. In this screen, haploid yeast cells were exposed to a DNA damaging agent to introduce random mutations in the genome. By culturing cells at an elevated temperature (e.g. 37 degrees), where many mutated genes lose their function, scientists identified yeast mutants that showed growth defects and arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle (e.g. in mitosis with large buds). In this screen, mutants of the cyclin-dependent kinase were identified, but not mutants of cyclins. Explain the reason for this outcome.
Cohesin complexes hold chromatids together until theenzyme___________ cleaves the cohesin at anaphase.
During mitosis, cytoplasmic genes segregate into daughter cells during: more than one of the options listed here anaphase metaphase telophase and cytokinesis prophase
A temperature-sensitive mutant yeast strain stops dividing when shifted from 25°C to 37°C. These cells are analyzed at different temperatures by a machine that measures the amount of DNA they contain, and the following graphs are obtained. Cells in G1 phase should have ___ unit(s) amount of DNA. Which of the following would explain the behavior of your mutant? Mark yes or no for each of the following choices. Inability to initiate DNA replication Defect in chromosome condensation Defect in centrosome duplication Defect in cytokinesis
Cells normally contain fully or partially replicated chromosomes in all of the following stages of the cell cycle except: G1 G2 prophase metaphase S