The inhibition of PFK-1 by ATP diminishes when the ADP concentration is high, as shown in the graph What explains this observation? ADP levels regulate the association of the individual PFK-1 monomers. The [ATP]/[ADP] ratio regulates PFK-1 activity. ADP outcompetes ATP as a phosphoryl donor for PFK-1 at high concentrations. O Binding of ADP to the catalytic site increases PFK-1 activity.
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- Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.
- When ATP and xylose are added to hexokinase, the enzyme produces a small amount of xylose-5-phosphate along with a large amount of ADP. How does this observation support the induced fit model?Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATPThe oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is a major source of energy in aerobic organisms. It is a reaction favored mainly by a large negative enthalpy change. C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) →6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆H° = -2816 kJ/mol ∆S ° = +181 J/mol . K (a) At 37 °C, what is the value for ∆G°? (b) In the overall reaction of aerobic metabolism of glucose, 32 moles of ATP are produced from ADP for every mole of glucose oxidized. Calculate the standard state free energy change for the overall reaction when glucose oxidation is coupled to the formation of ATP at 37 °C. (c) What is the efficiency of the process in terms of the percentage of the available free energy change captured in ATP?
- The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the reaction fuctose 6 phosphate and ATP, functions as a tetramer and is regulated by several mechanisms, including allosteric regulation. Based on your knowledge of the homotropic regulation of PFK, draw a curve of the rate of Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate produced vs. [ATP].In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM. At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM. According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct) The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate The enzme is working at its maximum velocity The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM. The hexoquinase is saturated with glucosePhosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is one of the most regulated enzymes in metabolism. Based on all of the principles we have learned in this class, which of the following would be most likely to be an allosteric activator of PFK-1? a Pyruvate b Acetyl CoA c Citric acid d glucose
- Which of these molecules has a higher phosphoryl potential than ATP? a) glucose-6-phosphate b) glucose-1-phosphate c) phosphoenolpyruvate d) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate The most commonly used biochemical reducing agent is: a) NADH b) NADPH c) FADH2 d) LiALH4 Hexokinase catalyzes: a) conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate b) conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate c) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate d) cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Which one of these molecules is not found in glycolysis? a) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate b) phosphoenolpyruvate c) pyruvate d) oxaloacetate The major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is: a) hexokinase b) phosphofructokinase c) aldolase d) triose isomerase NADH is produced at which step in glycolysis? a) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate b) cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate…Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)The most commonly used biochemical reducing agent is: a) NADH b) NADPH c) FADH2 d) LiALH4 Hexokinase catalyzes: a) conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate b) conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate c) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate d) cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Which one of these molecules is not found in glycolysis? a) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate b) phosphoenolpyruvate c) pyruvate d) oxaloacetate The major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is: a) hexokinase b) phosphofructokinase c) aldolase d) triose isomerase NADH is produced at which step in glycolysis? a) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate b) cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate c) conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate d) conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to…