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- HCI VIO 4. Draw the Lewis structures for the following: (a) K (b) Cl (d) Ca2 (c) O2 nolar and which U he T0IIOWINO would you preo19. :O: || :0-N- O: Which of the following statements, if true, would support the claim that the NO3 ion, represented above, has three resonance structures? (A) The NO3 ion is not a polar species. (B) The oxygen-to-nitrogen-to-oxygen bond angles are 90°. (C) One of the bonds in NO3 is longer than the other two. (D) One of the bonds in NO3¯ is shorter than the other two.10. The following Lewis structures for (a) HCN, (b) C3H;, (c) SnOz, (d) BF3, (e)HOF are incorrect. Explain what is wrong with each one and give a correct structure for the molecule. (Relative positions of atoms are shown correctly.) (a) H-ëN (b) HCC-H (c) 0-Sn-0 (d) :F B :F: (e) H-O-F:
- Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case, the atoms can be connected in only one way. (a) Br2 (b) H2S (c) N2H4 (d) N2H2 (e) CN- (f) NH4+ (g) N2 (h) O2Which of the following would you expect to have the highest bond energy (strength)? (a) 02 (b) Cl2 N₂ F2 3 (d)Which of the following is a resonance structure of compound X? N (A) OH NH (B) X NH O NH (C) N (D)
- Three main group elements, X, Y and Z, from three different groups inthe Periodic Table, each form a neutral trifluoride, i.e. XF3, YF3 andZF3. (a) To which three groups of the Periodic Table could the elementsX, Y and Z belong? Are any of these atoms X, Y or Zhypervalent in the trifluorides formed? (b) Use VSEPR theory to deduce the shapes of the molecules XF3,YF3 and ZF3, showing full working, and sketch these shapes (c) Only two of the three trifluorides have a non-zero dipole moment.For these molecules to which groups of the Periodic Table do thecentral atoms belong?iv. Assign formal charges to the atoms in the following structures and decide which the more important contributor to the resonance hybrid is. (a) (b) H H C=N=N c-N=N H H v. What factor accounts for each of the following differences in bond length? (a) I, has a longer bond than Br,. (b) C-N bonds are shorter than C-C bonds. (c) H-C bonds are shorter than the C-O bond. (d) The C-O bond in formaldehyde, H,C=0, is longer than the bond in carbon monoxide, C=0.Hydrazine, N₂H₄, and carbon disulfide, CS₂, form a cyclicmolecule(right).(a) Draw Lewisstructures for N₂H₄ and CS₂. (b) How do electron-group arrange-ment, molecular shape, and hy-bridization of N change when N₂H₄ reacts to form the product?(c) How do electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, andhybridization of C change when CS₂ reacts to form the product?
- 32. Which term refers to how strongly an atom of an element attracts electrons in a chemical bond with another atom? (A) lonization energy (B) Atomic radius (C) Melting point (D) Electronegativity 33. Which of the following would have a trigonal pyramidal geometry? (A) NO2 (B) Оз (C) H2O (D) NH3 34. Calculate the molarity of a solution in which 360. grams of glucose, C6H12O6, are dissolved in enough water to make 250. mL of solution. (А) 1.0 М (В) 2.0 М (С) 4.0 М (D) 8.0 M 35. All of the following are ways to increase the rate of dissolving sugar except – (A) Increasing the mass of sugar (B) Crushing the sugar into a fine powder (C) Stirring with a spoon (D) Increasing the temperature of the water28. Which of the following Lewis dot diagrams is incorrect? HEN-H (A) + H -O- -H (B) (C) N= H (D) H- -H : :Determine the electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and ideal bond angle(s) for each of the following. (b) BF3 (a) H30+ Electron-group arrangement O bent (c) CIO2 Electron-group arrangement bent Electron-group arrangement bent linear linear linear tetrahedral tetrahedral tetrahedral O trigonal planar O trigonal planar trigonal planar Molecular shape O bent Molecular shape O bent Molecular shape O bent linear linear linear square planar square planar square planar tetrahedral tetrahedral tetrahedral trigonal planar O trigonal planar O trigonal pyramidal trigonal planar O trigonal pyramidal trigonal pyramidal Ideal bond angle Ideal bond angle O 90° Ideal bond angle 90° 90° 109.5° 109.5° 109.5° 120° 120° 120° 180° 180° 180°