The Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is endemic to China and was first identified in the United States in 2014 in Pennsylvania. It was found in New York in 2020. According to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) it poses a significant threat to our agricultural industry, negatively impacts outdoor recreation, and may impact forest health. Draw a graph of how you expect this population to grow in New York State given that there are few predators and ample fruit trees and other host trees (see more information on the USDA page). On your graph annotate and justify your predictions about population growth changes.
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- INTERPRET DATA Examine the top and middle graphs in Figure 54-5. Are these examples of exponential or logistic population growth? Where is K in each graph? (You may need to refer to Chapter 53 to answer these questions.) RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The top and middle graphs show how each species of Paramecium flourishes when grown alone. The bottom graph shows how they grow together, in competition with each other. In a mixed culture, P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum, resulting in competitive exclusion. SOURCE: Adapted from G.F. Gause, The Struggle for Existence (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1934). Figure 54-5 G.F. Gauses classic experiment on interspecific competitionShrimp fishing off the coast of Georgia was closed in 2001, due to a drastic reduction in the shrimp population. Landings of blue crab plummeted in 2002 and 2003, as five years of drought and greatly reduced freshwater flow from underground aquifers led to increased salinity in coastal estuaries. These habitats between open ocean and fresh water are the “nurseries’ for many marine animals. Using information you learned in this lab, speculate about possible causes for the decline in shrimp and blue crab populations.A species is considered to be endangered if it is expected to be extinct within 20years. A population of porpoise has approximately 1, 150 members alive today, and thepopulation has been steadily declining at an annual rate of about 36% over the pastdecade. In what year is the population expected to have only 1 individual left alive?Should this species of porpoise be considered endangered?
- Lake Mendota is a lake with high levels of nutrient input from agriculture that has the potential to fuel blooms of phytoplankton. In 2009 the invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes (native to Europe and Asia) was first detected in the lake. In the figure, the food web for Lake Mendota prior to the invasion is on the left, and after the invasion on the right. Bythotrephes is a more effective predator of the herbivorous zooplankton Daphnia than the native planktivorous perch (represented by the large red arrows between Bythotrephes and Daphnia), and perch consume Bythotrephes at much lower rates than they do Daphnia (represented by the small red arrows between perch and Bythotrephes). See attached image Imagine that the lake was also contaminated with heavy metals. In which taxa would the concentration of heavy metals by highest? a) phytoplankton b) daphnia c) perch d) pike and why?Lake Mendota is a lake with high levels of nutrient input from agriculture that has the potential to fuel blooms of phytoplankton. In 2009 the invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes (native to Europe and Asia) was first detected in the lake. In the figure, the food web for Lake Mendota prior to the invasion is on the left, and after the invasion on the right. Bythotrephes is a more effective predator of the herbivorous zooplankton Daphnia than the native planktivorous perch (represented by the large red arrows between Bythotrephes and Daphnia), and perch consume Bythotrephes at much lower rates than they do Daphnia (represented by the small red arrows between perch and Bythotrephes). See attached image. Part A In the food web prior to the invasion (1988-2008), what effect would increasing the abundance of pike have on the abundance of Daphnia? A) Increase B) Decrease C) Stay the same Part B What type of process or phenomenon describes the way that abundance of pike affects the…Lake Mendota is a lake with high levels of nutrient input from agriculture that has the potential to fuel blooms of phytoplankton. In 2009 the invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes (native to Europe and Asia) was first detected in the lake. In the figure, the food web for Lake Mendota prior to the invasion is on the left, and after the invasion on the right. Bythotrephes is a more effective predator of the herbivorous zooplankton Daphnia than the native planktivorous perch (represented by the large red arrows between Bythotrephes and Daphnia), and perch consume Bythotrephes at much lower rates than they do Daphnia (represented by the small red arrows between perch and Bythotrephes). See attached image See second attached image for question
- Which of the below would best be described as a metapopulation? Killer whales are predicted to cause major shifts in the future abundance of prey species such as seals The Hawaiian stilt, an endangered, endemic bird of the Hawaiian Islands, was reduced to 200 individuals by hunting and development California mountain sheep disperse between mountain ranges and occupy previously unpopulated sites. Human-made barriers, such as highways, almost completely eliminate movement among populations Leadbeater's possum, an endangered arboreal marsupial inhabiting a rare type of eucalyptus forest in southeastern Australia, is predicted to decline by more than 90% over the next 20 to 30 yearsIn 1955, conservationists in Hawaii were concerned about an invasive species, the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica. A. fulica was reproducing widely and had few predators. In an attempt to control the invader and protect the environment, the conservationists imported the rosy wolf snail, Euglandina rosea (E. rosea), that preys on other snails for food. Which of the following explains what will most likely happen to A. fulica? Why? E. rosea quickly becomes the top predator, instead of A. fulica. The number of A. fulica decreases. A. fulica and E. rosea become competitors, but A. fulica remains the top predator. The number of A. fulica stays constant. A sudden genetic mutation in A. fulica causes them to become smaller and more attractive to E. rosea. The number of A. fulica decreases. Natural selection causes A. fulica to grow bigger, be more aggressive, and eat more snails, including E. rosea, over time. The number of A. fulica increases.Seagrass meadows and vulnerable species in Pacific Islands and BahrainSeagrass meadows have profound impacts on sustaining vulnerable species such as dugongs and turtles. The aim of this assignment is to provide you three studies (two article and a chapter) dealing with seagrass in Pacific and Islands and Bahrain and the Arabian Gulf. Question: What are the differences between the populations of dugongs and turtles in both regions? -What are the main ecological goods and services provided by seagrasses in both regions based on the material, no-material and regulating services?
- The Barton Springs salamander is an endangered species found only in a single spring in the city of Austin, Texas. There is growing concern that a chemical spill on a nearby freeway could pollute the spring and wipe out the species. To provide a source of salamanders to repopulate the spring in the event of such a catastrophe, a proposal has been made to establish a captive breeding population of the salamander in a local zoo. The zoo was asked to provide a plan for establishing this captive breeding population, with the goal of maintaining as much of the genetic variation of the species as possible in the captive population. What factors are likely to lead to a loss of genetic variation in the captive population?To understand the biodiversity of insects in different sites around their community, students performed a leaf litter lab where leaf litter was collected from two sites: one from beneath the trees in an organically managed, commercial landscape established one year ago and one from beneath the trees in a nearby nature preserve that have not been trimmed or managed in over twenty years. The students hypothesized that there would be more insect biodiversity in the leaf litter at the nature preserve than at the managed site. The leaf litter from each site was placed into a funnel with a light shone on the top to drive any insects out of the litter. Species were collected in an alcohol-filled container below the funnel, and the species were identified using magnifying lenses and a key. (j) Explain how modifying the experiment to collect samples from wet and dry sites could alter the results of the experiment.You are studying the population dynamics of an algae species that recently invaded a lake. You measured the amount of algae in the lake the time of the invasion and then for six years afterward (shown in green dots below). You also conducted experiments showing there are enough nutrients entering this lake to support a population density of 200 cells per mm- of algae, marked below as a dashed orange line labeled K. Based on your data, you want to predict how large the algae population will be in the future, assuming no major environmental fluctuations. Here, population density can be modeled in the same manner as population size. 1. what would you assume the algae population density will be 20 additional years in the future, assuming no environmental changes occur? __cells/mm^2