What antigen was used to design the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines? O a. The post-fusion stabilized spike protein O b. The N-protein OC.A combination of the spike protein and E protein O d. The pre-fusion stabilized spike protein
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- An antisense experiment for a specific protein target would be most similar to... a. deleting that protein from an organism (knock-out). b. creating a GFP-fusion protein of that target protein. c. overexpressing a specific target gene. d. causing mislocalization of a specific protein.Why can’t retrotransposons move from one cell to another like retroviruses?a. Because they do not encode the Env proteinb. Because they are nonautonomous elementsc. Because they require reverse transcriptased. a and b are both true.For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called a. acellular b. recombinant c. subunit d. attenuated
- Match the following. Write correct answer in the form of 1a, 5b, etc. in the space provided. 1. Gene Replacement A. No active gene is present 2. Gene Knockout B. Only mutant gene is active 3. Gene Addition C. Both normal and mutant genes are activeDuring site-specific recombination that occurs in an antibodygene, the protein(s) that catalyze(s) the joining of V and J domainsto each other is/area. RAG1 and RAG2.b. nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins.c. RecA.d. RecBCD.During Western blotting, the primary antibody recognizesa. the secondary antibody.b. the protein of interest.c. an mRNA of interest.d. a specific fragment of chromosomal DNA.
- a.describe the main features of the cell cycle. b. explain features of primary and secondary cell cultures. c. describe how to produce monoclonal antibodies to HIV-gp 120 for commercial use.Insulin produced by molecular cloning: a. is of pig origin b. is a recombinant protein c. is made by the human pancreas d. is recombinant DNAExplain the difference in results for the RT-PCR from the CD4+ T cells and the RT-PCR from the CD8+T cells. (i.e., propose a conclusion)
- There are currently 3 vaccines for COVID approved for use in the United States: Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. Compare and contrast each in regards to the type of vaccine (mRNA or viral vector and what that means), how many doses they require (and the timing for those that require more than 1), and their efficacy.In the Hershey and Chase experiment involving T2 phage,a. most of the 32P entered the bacterial cells whereas most of the 35S did not.b. most of the 35S entered the bacterial cells whereas most of the 32P did not.c. equal amounts of 32P and 35S entered the bacterial cells.d. none of the above was observed.The key to the successful cloning of Dolly in 1994 wasa. extracting the nuclei from early-stage embryos.b. transferring the nuclei into nucleated eggs.c. starving the donor and recipient cells.d. employing surrogate mothers related to the nuclei donors