Which of the following is correct about Factorial Designs? A. If there are no main effects, there can be no interactions B. Whenever interactions are found, there must be main effects C. Whenever main effects are found, there must be at least one interaction D. When both interactions and main effects are found, the interactions are interpreted first
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- C. Describe the four characteristics of associationWhich of the following is true about interaction effects? a.They explain information that is additional to each individual fixed effect. b.They occur when a confounding factor contaminates an experimental factor. c.All of these are true d.They are additive effects between two or more independent variables e.They are additive effects between two or more independent variables, and they explain information that is additional to each individual effectIn an the researcher interacts and influences the behavior of the subjects. In an Observational Study; Observational Study Designed Experiment; Designed Experiment Designed Experiment; Observational Study Observational Study; Designed Experiment the researcher observes the subjects and makes no effort to interact or influence the subjects.
- Which of the following is true regarding the difference between an observational study and an experiment? An experiment must have a control group while the observational study does not. An observational study is used for human subjects while an experiment is used for non-human subjects. In an experiment, the investigator randomly places subjects into treatment and control groups while in an observational study, no treatments are administered. The observational study can produce causal results while an experiment can only identify an association. None of these is true.A researcher wanted to study the tendency of people’s choices to be influenced by their environment, so she conducted an experiment. The researcher recruited 90 volunteers. She randomly assigned 30 to sit in a room with red walls, 30 to sit in a room with yellow walls, and 30 to sit in a room with orange walls. After sitting in the room for a while doing mundane activities, she offered them all a snack of strawberries, bananas, or oranges. For each individual, she recorded which room the participant was in and which snack they chose. The data are displayed in the table. The researcher would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of snack choice differs for the various room colors in the population of all volunteers like these. Are the conditions for inference met?Nine students held their breath, once after breathing normally and relaxing for one minute, and once after hyperventilating for one minute. The table indicates how long (in sec) they were able to hold their breath. Is there an association between the two variables?
- A study investigates the effects of a Method's course and sex of student on willingness to believe in ESP ten years after college. This study has: two independent variables two dependent variables O two cells in its design two possible interactions to evaluateA researcher wanted to study the tendency of our choices to be influenced by our environment, so she conducted an experiment. The researcher recruited 90 volunteers. She randomly assigned 30 to sit in a room with red walls, 30 to sit in a room with yellow walls, and 30 to sit in a room with orange walls. After sitting in the room doing mundane activities, she offered them all a snack of strawberries, bananas, or oranges. For each individual, she recorded which room the participant was in and which snack they chose. The data are displayed in the table. The researcher would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of snack choice differs for the various room colors in the population of all volunteers like these. What is the appropriate inference procedure?Imagine you were interested in studying whether taking 6 weeks of karate lessons improves children’s self-regulation. You compare children who take karate vs. Swimming lessons before and after 6 weeks of training. Which of the following results would be an example of an interaction: A. There is no difference the karate and swimming groups self-regulation at the start of training, but after 6 weeks self-regulation is better in the karate group than in the swimming group B. There is no difference the karate and swimming groups self-regulation at the start or end of training C. There is no difference in self regulation scores for either group before vs after training D. Both groups improved their self-regulation over the 6 weeks to the same extent
- ]14. Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behaviour of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Now: If the eye spots have no effect. then the birds should spend an average of u = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyes pots have a significant influence on the bird's behaviour? Ike a two-tailed test with…Which of the following statements is true? Select one: O a. A factorial design is used when researchers are interested in the interaction effects between multiple independent variables. O b. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, there are 4 independent variables. O c. In a higher-level factorial design, the first independent variable is always within-subjects. O d. None of the choices O e. In a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design, there are 3 possible interactions in total.1. We are interested in determining if absences from a class affect your overall class grade. The following data from 10 students is provided: Absences Grade 89.2 1 83.7 83.5 3 81.1 4 78.2 5 73.9 64.3 71.8 55.9 9 65.2 a. Which one is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable? b. Find b1. c. Find bo.