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- Which of the following is true? A. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell. B. Prions are infectious proteins. C. Viroids lack a protein coat. D. Some viruses cause cancer. E. All of the above.In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria andmice, Griffith found that(A) the protein coat from pathogenic cells wasable to transform nonpathogenic cells.(B) heat-killed pathogenic cells causedpneumonia.(C) some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred tononpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.(D) the polysaccharide coat of bacteria causedpneumonia.Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggeringan adaptive immune response?(A) having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins(B) infecting cells that produce very few MHC molecules(C) producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses(D) infecting and killing helper T cells
- Comparing the number of infections, people catch cold so much more often than flu .Why haven’t we spent time and effort on developing vaccines to the cold virus ? a)The cold viral particle change over time, too difficult to develop a vaccine b)The cold viral remain stable over time and lose their ability to infect human over time c)The cold viral particle constantly change over time , catch a cold virus will result in vaccination for a long time d)There are too many strains of the cold virus and the symptoms are mildA cell with a Barr body is______ . a. a bacterium c. from a female mammal b. a sex cell d. infected by the Barr virusJoseph Lister was famous for: A) identifying bacteria that cause disease B) antibiotics C) procedures to sterilize surgical equipment D) none of the above Which of the following is not part of the human immune response? A) producing antibodies B) the skin acting as a physical barrier C) the lymphatic system D) the production of antibiotics
- Which of the following statements are correct about viruses and cancer (select all that appy)? A. Cancer viruses may have DNA genomes B. A virus must have an oncogene to cause cancer C. Cancer viruses may have RNA genomes D. A virus must integrate its genome into the host cell genome to cause transformation of a cell E. At least 80% of known cancers are caused by virusesThere have been recent outbreaks of dog flu in the US. Why doesn't this virus infect humans? A) The virus can replicate in cells of all species but can only egress from dog cells. B) The genetic code of the virus is the same as that in dog cells but is different from other organisms. C) The virus can only attach to dog cells. D) The virus can enter cells of all species but can only replicate in dog cells.Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, What is an advantage of this entry strategy? A. The virus directly enters the cytoplasm of the cell B The virus only enters its target host cell type. C. The virus is protected from recognition by white blood cells. D. The virus can directly inject its genome into the cell's nucleus.
- A virus with an envelope is most likely A. an animal virus B. better able to hide from the hosts immune system due to the envelope C. found only in plants D. A and BViruses are not considered living things becausea. they are not cells c. they lack metabolismb. they cannot reproduce by themselves d. All of these are correct.A student in the immunology class who didn’t enroll in the lab, heard we had been studying IgY. A: How would you explain (using full sentences) IgY to them (Hint: tell them at least 3 things about it)? B: Explain both why could we see IgY in an egg, but not very much in a 3 week old chick?
