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Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
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- PLEASE answer the 2 with no much explanation Culture media is sterilized after the inoculation of microbes to ensure optimal growth of target microorganisms True False Microwave oven available in the laboratory can be used to heat culture media, as well as food for lunch. True FalseCreate a graph of this spectrophotometric data (using Excel or the graph paper below), labeling the four stages of the growth curve- lag, log (exponential), stationary, death. Be sure to label your axes properly and give your graph a title Time Culture Sampled % Absorbance 0 min 5% 30min 7% 60min 9% 90min 15% 120min 25% 150min 37% 180min 49% 210min 50% 240min 49% 270min…1. “Coliform bacteria are the only group of micro-organisms considered suitable for themonitoring of faecal pollution.”Is the statement above still valid? Motivate your answer and briefly describe at two othertypes of indicator organisms. 2.
- A microbiologist has isolated a new strain of bacteria, and is trying to characterize aspects of its growth. Three flasks of the same media have different amounts of NaCl added. Other growth conditions are identical, and the flasks inoculated at the same time. At regular intervals over a 3 hour period, culture samples are taken and turbidity is measured. Here are the absorbance values over time in a table and graphed. Absorbance (OD600) Time (min) 20% NaCl 3% NaCl 0% NaCl 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 30 0.06 0.05 0.05 60 0.075 0.06 0.05 90 0.11 0.07 0.049 120 0.25 0.1 0.048 150 0.5 0.105 0.055 180 0.7 0.11 0.055 210 0.99 0.15 0.06 240 1.22 0.18 0.055 270 1.35 0.19 0.06 300 1.5 0.2 0.06 330 1.6 0.25 0.062 360 1.7 0.3 0.06 Based on these data, which of the following can be determined about this bacterium? It is psychrophilic. It…12. Microbial population is most uniform in terms of chemical and physical properties during the exponential phase of growth. A. True B. False1.) During a laboratory activity, Chemical reactions from mixture of chemicals should be observed under which laboratory equipment? a.) autoclave b.) fume hood c.) Labaratory Safety cabinet d.) Centrifuge 2.) Which type of equipment contains a HEPA filter that only removes suspended materials from exhausted air? a.) Fume hood b.) Biosafety Cabinet I c.) Biosafety Cabinet II d.) Biosafety Cabinet III
- Oven sterilization at 121˚C was performed on glassware for 15 minutes only. Effect: Rationale:12/ Which of the following factors increases biofilm accumulation? (select all that apply) V A. malocclusion V B. smooth surfaces V C. calculus V D. restorations E. use of fluoridated 9/ During biofilm formation, microcolonies form in layers as the bacterial colonies multiply. With increased size, colonies meet and coalesce to form a complex microbial community. © A Both statements are true. A © B Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. Question 11 Which of the following is found in a disease periodontal pocket? © A Gram positive cocci and lactobacillus species. O B. Primarily jam negative motile rods and spirochetes • C. Gram positive aerobes © D. Keystone pathogens.PLEASE ANS ASAP 7. Typhoid fever is caused by a species of: a . Escherichia b. Campylobacter c. Shigella. d. Salmonella 8. At the end of the Gram -staining procedure , Gram -positive bacteria will be: a. blue to purple b . pink to red c. orange. d. green 9. Which one of the following types of culture media is selective and differential? a. Phenylethyl alcohol agar b . Blood agar c. Thayer-Martin agar d. MacConkey agar 10. Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing combines some of the properties of two other methods and involves adding a plastic strip to the agar? a. Gradient diffusion method b. Agar macrodilution method c. Disk diffusion method d. Broth microdilution method 11. Most ATP molecules are produced during which phase of aerobia respiration? a. Fermentation b. Krebs cycle c. Glycolysis d. Electron transport chain 12. The goal of disinfection is to eliminate ____ whereas the goal of sterile technique is to exclude ____ a.…
- Which of the following statements regarding microbial death is FALSE? Question options: cell walls are targeted by many microbial control agents the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent is a funciton of its microbial death rate the rate at which microbes are killed is termed the microbial death rate all of these statements are TRUE few antimicrobial agents function through the disruption of protein structure under a given set of conditions, the fraction of a microbial population that dies per minute is typically constant over timePlastic pipet tips for micropipettes are commonly supplied in packs of 100’s. Once the pack has been opened, contamination is assumed. How can sterility of the pipet tips be ensured prior to use in microbiological procedures? METHOD:RATIONALE:A microorganism has a D135 of 2 min. How many microorganisms will be left in the food sample after heat treatment at 135°C for 14 min if the initial microbial contamination is 109 cells/g product?