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- a cytokint storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds- cytokines can be caused by? a. flu viruses and covid-19 b. covid-19 only c. flu viruses only d. all choices are correct e. a coontagious bacterial disease onlyThe envelope of enveloped -viruses : a. Determines the viral morphology b. Both choices are false c . Protects the viral genome d. Both choices are correctIf you are going to prepare a vaccine against SARS-CoV 2. how would you grow the virus?
- Non-enveloped viruses are more resistant to changes in temperature, pH, and some disinfectants than enveloped viruses. a. True b. FalseThe Sabin vaccine contains ______. A) a mixture of bacteria and live, attenuated poliovirus B) a piece of the poliovirus C) inactivated poliovirus D) live, unattended poliovirusHIV virus is classified as double¬ stranded RNA (ds-RNA) virus and belongs to a group of viruses called reoviridae? a. FALSE. b. TRUE.
- Plz answer and Do explain. 31. HIV is an enveloped virus. As a result... a. it is extremely hardy and is very difficult to control on famites. b. It is more resistant to antimicrobials than non-enveloped viruses. c. it sticks to the medical instruments, d. it is insensitive to high heat. e it can be controlled easily with 10% bleach solution.Answer the following regarding the varicella-zoster virus: a) the biology of the virus ( type: DNA/RNA type: single or double stranded) b) how it replicates c) life cycle of the virus (binding, fusion, reverse transcription, integration, replication, and assembly)Explain how someone who was infected with SARS-CoV-2 could still test negative two days after getting infected. (think of how viruses replicate compared to bacteria)
- Antigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It is likely they arise fromrare events in which:(a) Two different influenza viruses infect a cell at the sametime(b) Two separate viruses undergo lysogenic conversion(c) Two viruses conjugate(d) Mutations accumulate(e) All of the aboveSelect the most accurate answer: Adenoviruses:A. are non-enveloped dsRNAB. are most infection are symptomaticC. are infection are common in adultsD. have only one antigen (serotype)E. are icosahedral, 252 caspsomers, fibers projection, like a satellite (space ship)F. replicate in the cytoplasmG. subgroup A: serotypes 12, 18, and 31: are highly oncogenicH. Both E and GA vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine D) inactivated form of a bacterial exotoxin