Write an essay on different temperature measurement devices. Explain the operational principle of each device, its advantages and disadvantages, its cost, and its range of applicability. Which device would you recommend for use in the following cases: taking the temperatures of patients in a doctor's office, monitoring the variations of temperature of a car engine block at several locations, and monitoring the temperatures in the furnace of a power plant?
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- To maximize production and minimize pumping costs, crude oil is heated to reduce its viscosity during transportation from a production field. (1) Consider a pipe-in-pipe configuration consisting of concentric steel tubes with an intervening insulating material. The inner tube is used to transport warm crude oil through cold ocean water. The inner steel pipe (k, = 45 W/m-K) has an inside diameter of D;, 1 150 mm and wall thickness f; = 20 mm while the outer steel pipe has an inside diameter of D; 2 = 250 mm and wall thickness t, = tị. Determine the maximum allowable crude oil temperature to ensure the polyurethane foam insulation (k, between the two pipes does not exceed its maximum service temperature of Tp. max = 70°C. The ocean water is at T.0 = -5°C and provides an external convection heat transfer coefficient of h. flowing crude oil is h; = 450 W/m²-K. 0.03 W/m-K) 500 W/m2-K. The convection coefficient associated with the (2) It is proposed to enhance the performance of the…A sphere (emissivity=0.42) of radius 25 cm is at 27 deg C. It's placed in a room with a temperature of 2 deg C. Match each item to a choice: How long will it take for the sphere to lose 1x10^6 Joules of energy? What is the rate of heat energy entering the sphere? Choices: : 151.4981 W : 8.236 hrs : 6.832 hrs : 44.5303 W : 3.268 hrs : 6.238 hrs : 106.9678 WWhen The process is accorcing to a law iso thermal. takes place in a perfectly thermally b. C. insulated Cylinder. 8=1.3 Ans.[ 270 i 5.138 1g1.713 1J,52.6i,sSiky.-5.51, 219 5251g, o leg] University of Anbar College of Engineering Mechantont Englning Dpartment Year (Sophomore year) THERMODYNAMICSA Lec. No. Date: / 202 ME2303 Instructor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Saad M. Jalil hr Page Na. Q7 225 1g Ih of air at 4o% enter amixing chamber where it mixes with 540 kg /h of air at isi. Calculate the temperature of the air leaving the Chamber. assuming steady flow conditions. A ssume that the heat loss is negligible . Ans [22.4c] Q8: Aquantity of gas occupying o14n at a pressure of 1.4MNIM? and temperature of 300 č is expanded adiabatirally to 280 K Nimi Cv = 0. 74 Kg 11eg K p=1o41g ng - detennine: a. the mass of gas b. the temperature of the gas after expansion. work done during the expansion. Ans-fa-1.14 kg C. the b. ४३१ C. 180 lT ) Internal mC,(T2-T1) mC,(T2-T
- 7) Give two disadvantages of empirical thermometers. 8) Consider two liquids, A and B. with temperatures Te > TA. The two objects are put into thermal contact for a time period. Without just saying 'heat flows from hot to cold' how would you prove to someone that a quantity of heat flowed from B to A. (think of James Joule's experiments) 9) If the temperature of the sun were to suddenly double, by what multiplicative factor would the thermal radiation change ? Show Work6. Determine the correct statement Mark only one oval. It is preferable to have a temperature sensor or pressure sensor with non-linear response to the measured property Density is an extensive property Sum of the macroscopic energies of the pure substances is called internal energy Work transfer out of the system is taken to be negative as convention None of the given 7. Tyre pressure is 2 bar of gage pressure and it has volume of 14 litres. Determine the density inside the tyre if the tyre is in thermal equilibrium with the environment at 25the prichom pactor of : ei ther cquation faray- Wexbach eata : Apfe Weirbach egh Ap 2 D Fanning catn Ap 2D Com be determined thnvgh complicated implicit cquestins or Aaro ugh MO ody frichm factov charts, describe the inde pendent variabler which the frichon factor upon is depeundent and its charactanithizs ot limiting conditions o and its charactenthizs the regimes of plow.
- The left side of this equation tells how much energy Q the cylinder gives to the water while it cools. The right side of this equation tells how much energy Q the water and aluminum cup absorb from the cylinder to warm up. Because it is the same energy, they are equal. What is known in this equation? Mcyl 411.7 g, malum 46.5 g, malum+water = 175 g Can you find: mwater =? g Twater = Talum = 20°C (water and cup of room temperature) 90°C, T; = 35°C (hot cylinder and cool "cylinder+cup+water" temperatures) Tcyl kCal Calum = 0.22, Cwater 1 (specific heat of water and aluminum, measured in units kg-°C What are we looking for is Ccul - How we find it? Plug all the numbers into the equation (1), Ccul will be one unknown which you can calculate from the equation. Important, convert all the masses from grams to kilograms! After you find Ccyl, compare it to known value for the copper 0.093(our cylinder is made out of copper). |Ceyl -0.093| % : · 100% 0.093QUESTION 2 Thermocouples are devices used to measure temperature of a given sample or the surrounding medium. These devices feature a "bead", which has a spherical shape, and produces voltage upon change in temperature. For an engineering application at a pharmaceutical company, thermocouple devices are being tested for their responsiveness, i.e. how fast it can detect temperature changes in the environment (surrounding air). The engineers at this company have specified design constraints for an ideal thermocouple: it must detect temperature changes no later than 1.5 minute, and the reported temperature value must be reasonably correct: at most %3 difference between measured and actual temperature values is allowed. Four thermocouples from different vendors are being tested. Relevant properties of these devices are listed below: Thermal conductivity Density 36 W/m*K 36 W/m*K 42 W/m*K 33 W/m*K Specific Heat 140 kJ/kg*K 120 kJ/kg*K 150 kJ/kg*K 160 kJ/kg*K Device Bead Diameter…Using the information in Problem 1.22, estimate the ambient air temperature that could cause frostbite on a calm day on the ski slopes. 1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on chair lifts, the weather report at most ski areas gives both an air temperature and the wind-chill temperature. The air temperature is measured with a thermometer that is not affected by the wind. However, the rate of heat loss from the skier increases with wind velocity, and the wind-chill temperature is the temperature that would result in the same rate of heat loss in still air as occurs at the measured air temperature with the existing wind. Suppose that the inner temperature of a 3-mm-thick layer of skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.35W/mKis35C and the air temperature is 20C. Under calm ambient conditions the heat transfer coefficient at the outer skin surface is about 20W/m2K (see Table 1.4), but in a 40-mph wind it increases to 75W/m2K. If frostbite occurs when the skin temperature drops to about 10C, do you advise the skier to wear a face mask? What is the skin temperature drop due to the wind?
- A pressure measurement system is stated as having the followingcharacteristics. Explain the significance of the terms:Range: 0 to 125 kPa and 0 to 2500 kPaAccuracy: ±1% of the displayed readingTemperature sensitivity: ±1% of the reading per o CA thermostat control with dial markings from 0 to 100 is used to regulate the temperature of an oil bath. A calibration plot on logarithmic coordinates of the temperature, T (°F), versus the dial setting, R, is a straight line that passes through the points (R1 = 20.0, Ti =110.0 °F) and (R2 = 40.0, T2 = 250.0 °F). (a) Derive an equation for T (°F) in terms of R. (b) Estimate the thermostat setting needed to obtain a temperature of 320°F.Discussion: 1) discuss the methods of temperature measurement. 2) What is the reference of thermometers calibration tool? 3) What is the meaning of the temperature? What its units? 4) What is the faster method of temperature measurement? 4) Do you have another method or appearance that may be used temperature measurement?