You are an ecologist studying movement behavior of a bird population. You attach radio-transmitters to each member of several different populations of the bird, allowing you to measure precisely how many birds emigrate from each of the populations each year. You gather the following data: Bird population size Total number of birds emigrating per year 712 163 27 244 68 71 20 642 186 12 389 93 Does emigration represent a density-dependent process in this population? Explain your answer briefly.
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- If each adult female powerful owl produces 1 female juvenile (F) each year, the adult survival rate (Sa) is 0.8, the juvenile survival rate (Sj) is 0.4, and the population is N2022=1400 adult females and 1400 juvenile females in 2022, what will be the female population size in 2027 (N2027)? Show your calculations. (hint: use excel to set up a model and check your work)Pretend you are a scientist studying the population size of wildebeest in Serengeti National Park. Survey 1: Tagged 380 wildebeest Survey 2: Observed 760 wildebeest, 200 are tagged N = (M * C) / R What is the estimated population size?How will you measure population density in following cases?(i) fish in a lake(ii) tiger census in a national park(iii) single huge banyan tree with large canopy .
- The graph below shows changes in the size of an Emperorpenguin population in terms of numbers of breeding pairson the island of Terre Adelie in the Antarctic. Scientistsused these data along with data on the penguins’ shrinking ice habitat to project a general decline in the island’sEmperor penguin population, to the point where theywill be endangered in 2100. Use the graph to answer thequestions on the right. What was the overall percentage decline in thepenguin population from 1975 to 2010?Population size increases whena. the sum of birth rate and death rate exceeds the sum ofimmigration and emigration.b. the sum of birth rate and immigration exceeds the sum of deathrate and emigration.Figure 37.20 Opportunistic and Equilibrium Species:A Summary.• High reproduction rate• Many ospring• Each ospring receives littleparental care• Low survival rate for juveniles• Early reproductive maturity• Type III survivorship curve:Opportunistic life history Equilibrium life history• Low reproduction rate• Few ospring• Each ospring receivesextensive parental care• High survival rate for juveniles• Late reproductive maturity• Type I survivorship curve:AgeSurvivorsAgeSurvivors764 UNIT SEVEN The Ecology of Lifehoe2420X_ch37_748-765.indd 764 12/15/16 11:45 PMc. the sum of birth rate and emigration exceeds the sum of death rateand immigration.d. the sum of death rate and immigration exceeds the sum of birthrate and emigration.One concept of conservation biology is known as minimum viablepopulation. Some species’ populations are so fragmented andsmall that they may have very little genetic variability left. Withminimal genetic variation in the population, there is little likelihoodthat a population can adapt to an environmental threat, such as anew disease. Florida panthers are at or below the minimum viablepopulation level (estimated population less than 80). 1)Do you think that it is practical to use limited resources toconserve a population like the Florida panther? 2)Why?
- Vicuña are ungulate herbivores related to llamas that occupy high mountain grasslands in the Andes. They are valued for their wool. Overhunting led to global population declines from millions in the 1500s to thousands in the mid 1900s.Lauca National Park was established in Chile in 1970 and banned hunting of vicuña. Researchers used census data (solid circles) to fit the population dynamics, and evaluated two models: one in which the carrying capacity was fixed over time (“Logistic Constant K”, dashed line), and one in which the carrying capacity could vary over time (“Logistic Variable K”, solid line). See attached image The researchers found that rainfall ~4 years prior was a good predictor of the population size of vicuña in a given year. Is rainfall four years before 1990 likely to be lower than average or higher than average? Why?Vicuña are ungulate herbivores related to llamas that occupy high mountain grasslands in the Andes. They are valued for their wool. Overhunting led to global population declines from millions in the 1500s to thousands in the mid 1900s.Lauca National Park was established in Chile in 1970 and banned hunting of vicuña. Researchers used census data (solid circles) to fit the population dynamics, and evaluated two models: one in which the carrying capacity was fixed over time (“Logistic Constant K”, dashed line), and one in which the carrying capacity could vary over time (“Logistic Variable K”, solid line). See attached image What type of factor is rainfall in regulating vicuña population growth? A. Density-independent; Bottom-up B. Density-independent; Top-down C. Density-dependent; Bottom-up D. Density-dependent; Top-downEastern loggerhead shrike is a critically endangered species of bird in Canada. Its population has been declining since the 1960s, and it has been speculated that habitat loss, pesticide usage combined, and climate change have affected the shrike population size. In 2004, there were approximately 70 loggerhead shrikes breeding in Canada. Over the next five years, 111 new shrikes were born, 57 died, and 15 left the area. Calculate the change in the population of eastern loggerhead shrike between 2004 and 2009. Express your answer rounded to the nearest whole number. Answer
- Use the information provided: population experiences density-dependent growth K or carrying capacity is 180 r = 0.032 individual/month 1. Calculate how many bugs are added to the population next month when population size is 65? 2. Now keeping the condition of density dependent growth, let's change some numbers: K=270 and r=0.13. If the current population is 125 bugs, how large will the population be in 12 months?A student decides to use the mark-recapture technique to estimate thepopulation size of mosquitofish in a small pond near his home. In thefirst catch, he marked 45 individuals. Two weeks later, he captured 62individuals, of which 8 were marked. What is the estimated size of thepopulation based on these data?a. 134 c b. 349 c. 558 d. 1,016 e. 22,320A population of bats exhibits logistic growth. The carrying capacity is 600 bats and the maximum per capita Growth rate (rmax) is 0.20. The population size was determined periodically. Determine the population growth rates based on a population size of 50, 100, 200, 350, 480, 500, 525, and 600 bats. Include up to three decimal places in your answers.