You know from your math courses that an infinitesimal segment of a circular arc can be considered as a straight line segment. Imagine that you cover a full circle in, say, the clockwise direction, with infinitesimal displacement vectors dr. Then evaluate fdr and fdr (the circle symbol on the integral just reminds us that we have to go around the full circle).

Calculate the effective gravitational field vector g at Earths surface at the poles and the equator. Take account of the difference in the equatorial (6378 km) and polar (6357 km) radius as well as the centrifugal force. How well does the result agree with the difference calculated with the result g = 9.780356[1 + 0.0052885 sin 2 0.0000059 sin2(2)]m/s2 where is the latitude?

In an attempt to escape a desert island, a castaway builds a raft and sets out to sea. The wind shifts a great deal during the day, and she is blown along the following straight lines: 2.50 km and 45.0 north of west, then 4.70 km and 60.0 south of east, then 130 km and 25.0 of west, then 5.10 km due east, then 1.70 km and 5.00 east of north, then 7.20 km and 55.0 south of west, and finally 2.80 km and 10.0 north of east. Use the analytical method to find the resultant vector of all her displacement vectors. What is its magnitude and direction?

between points in a plane do not change when a coordinate system is rotated In other words, the magnitude of a vector Is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Suppose a coordinate system S is rotated about its origin by angle to become a new coordinate system S’, as shown in the following figure. A point in a plane has coordinates (x,y)in S and coordinates (x,y) in S’. (a) Show that, during the transformation of rotation, the coordinates in S are expressed in terms of the coordinates in S by the following relations: {x=xcos+ysiny=xsin+ycos (b) Show that the distance of point Pto the origin is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that x2+y2=x2+y2. (c) Show that the distance between points Pand Q is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that ( xP =xQ )2+( yP yQ )2=( xP =xQ )2+( yP yQ )2 .

Given two displacement vectors A=(3.00i-4.00j-4.00K)m and B=(2.00i+3.00j-7.00K)m , find the displacements and their magnitudes for (a) C=A+B and (b) D=2AB .

Starting at the island of Moi in an unknown archipelago, a fishing boat makes a round trip with two stops at the islands of Noi and Poi. It sails from Moi for 4.76 nautical miles (nmi) in a direction 37 north of east to Noi. From Noi, it sails 69 west of north to Poi. On its return leg from Poi, it sails 28 east of south. What distance does the boat sail between Noi and Poi? What distance does it sail between Moi and Poi? Express your answer both in nautical miles and in kilometei. Note: 1 nmi = 1852m.

Figure 1.19 shows two vectors lying in the xy-plane. Determine the signs of the x- and y-components of A, B, and A+B.

An experimental jet rocket travels around Earth along its equator just above its surface. At what speed must the jet travel if the magnitude of its acceleration is g ?

What surface is represented by r a = const, that is described if a is a vector of constant magnitude and direction from the origin and r is the position vector to the point P(x1, x2, x3) on the surface?

Check your Understanding A blue fly lands on a sheet of graph paper a point located 10.0 cm to the right of its left edge and 8.0 cm above its bottom edge and walks slowly to a point located 5.0 cm from the left edge and 5.0 cm from the bottom edge. Choose the rectangular coordinate system with the origin at the lower left-side comet of the paper and find the displacement vector of the fly. Illustrate your solution by graphing.