(a)
Interpretation:
The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.
(b)
Interpretation:
The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.
(d)
Interpretation:
The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is the representation of the
(e)
Interpretation:
The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.
(f)
Interpretation:
The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.
Concept introduction:
One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Quicklime, the common name for calcium oxide, CaO, is made by heating limestone, CaCO3, in slowly rotating kilns, which are a type of oven. The reaction is CaCO3(s)+178kJCaO(s)+CO2(g). What quantity of energy in kilojoules is required to decompose 5.80kg of limestone?arrow_forwardQuestion 57 through 62: Thermochemical equations may be written in two ways, either with an energy term as a part of the equation or with rH set apart from the regular equation. In the questions that follow, write both forms of the equations for the reactions described. Recall that state designations are required for all substances in a thermochemical equation. The reaction in an oxyacetylene torch is highly exothermic, releasing 1.31103kJ of heat to the environment for every mole of acetylene, C2H2(g), burned. The end products are gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water.arrow_forwardWhat mass in grams of octane, a component of gasoline, would you have to burn in your car to transfer 9.48105kJ of energy? fH=1.09104kJ for the reaction 2C8H18(l)+25O2(g)16CO2(g)+18H2O(l)?arrow_forward
- The quicklime produced in Question 63 is frequently converted to calcium hydroxide, sometimes called slaked lime, by an exothermic reaction with water: CaO(s)+H2O(l)Ca(OH)2(s)+65.3kJ. What mass in grams of quicklime was processed in a reaction that transferred 291kJ of energy?arrow_forwardSuppose you want to use acetylene (C2H2) as a fuel. You have a cylinder that contains 5.00102g of C2H2 and a cylinder that contains 2.00103g of oxygen (O2). Do you have enough oxygen to burn all the acetylene? The equation for the reaction is 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)4CO2(g)+2H2O(g)arrow_forwardThe thermite reaction combines aluminum powder and iron oxide and ignites the mixture to make aluminum oxide and iron. So much energy is given off that the iron productfrequently is molten. Write a balanced chemical reaction for the thermite process and determine its H(25C).arrow_forward
- The Haber process for making ammonia from nitrogen in the air is given by the equation N2+3H22NH3. Calculate the mass of hydrogen that must be supplied to make 5.00102kg of ammonia in a system that has an 88.8 yield.arrow_forwardWhat mass in grams of hydrogen has to react to transfer 71.9kJ of energy from the reaction 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)+484kJ?arrow_forward
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