Chapter 12, Problem 16A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dipole moment arrow is to be drawn for the given P-F bond.

Concept introduction:

Dipole moment arrows are drawn from the atom with less electronegativity to atom with more electronegativity.

Answer to Problem 16A

  

  $\stackrel{\partial +}{\mathrm{P}}-\stackrel{\partial -}{\mathrm{F}}$

Explanation of Solution

Fluorine is more electronegative than phosphorus. So, arrow will be from phosphorus to fluorine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dipole moment arrow is to be drawn for the given P-O bond.

Concept introduction:

Dipole moment arrows are drawn from the atom with less electronegativity to atom with more electronegativity.

Answer to Problem 16A

  

  $\stackrel{\partial +}{\mathrm{P}}-\stackrel{\partial -}{\mathrm{O}}$

Explanation of Solution

Oxygen is more electronegative than phosphorus. So, arrow will be from phosphorus to oxygen.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dipole moment arrow is to be drawn for the given P-C bond.

Concept introduction:

Dipole moment arrows are drawn from the atom with less electronegativity to atom with more electronegativity.

Answer to Problem 16A

  

  $\stackrel{\partial -}{\mathrm{P}}-\stackrel{\partial +}{\mathrm{C}}$

Explanation of Solution

Phosphorus is more electronegative than carbon. So, arrow will be from carbon to Phosphorus.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dipole moment arrow is to be drawn for the given P-H bond.

Concept introduction:

Dipole moment arrows are drawn from the atom with less electronegativity to atom with more electronegativity.

Answer to Problem 16A

  

  $\stackrel{\partial -}{\mathrm{P}}-\stackrel{\partial +}{\mathrm{H}}$

Explanation of Solution

Phosphorus is more electronegative than hydrogen. So, arrow will be from hydrogen to Phosphorus.