World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781133109655
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis and resonating structures of given compound PCl3is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=26

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=5+7+7+7=26

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  2

Phosphorus has five electrons and chlorine has seven electrons in valence shell. Thus, each chlorine atom shares one electron with central phosphorus atom to complete the octet.

From Lewis structure, octet of phosphorus and chlorine is complete.

There is no resonance in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis and resonating structures of given compound Br2is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=14

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  3

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=7+7=14

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  4

Bromine belongs to 17th group. So, it has seven electrons in its valence shell. It requires one electron to complete its octet thus share one electron with other bromine atom.

From Lewis structure, octet of bromine is complete.

There is no resonance in Br2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound NO2 is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  5

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  6

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=6+5+6+1=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  7

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  8

Lewis structure of nitrite ion shows nitrogen shares its one electron with oxygen atom carrying negative charge to complete its octet and two electrons with neutral oxygen atom to complete their octet.

But, experiment shows both the N-O bond lengths are equal. So, it has resonance in which negative charge is equally spread on both oxygen atoms and both N-O bond lengths lie in between single and double bond.

From Lewis structure, octet of both oxygen and nitrogen is complete.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound O3 is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  9

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  10

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=6+6+6=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  11

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  12

The formula of ozone is O3 . The octet of each oxygen atom is completed if one oxygen atom forms double bond with central oxygen atom and other oxygen atom forms coordinate bond.

  O3 shows resonance because in actual both the C-O bond lengths are equal. So, both C-O have bond length in between double and single bond.

From Lewis structure, octet of all oxygen is complete.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=10

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  13

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=4+4+1+1=10

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  14

Carbon atom has four electrons in valence shell. It shares one electron with hydrogen atom to complete doublet of hydrogen. Now, to complete octet it shares three electrons with other carbon atom to complete octet and thus forms triple bond.

From Lewis structure, octet of all carbon is complete and doublet of hydrogen is complete.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  15

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=4+4+1+1+1+1+1+1=18

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  16

Carbon has four electrons in valence shell. So, each carbon forms one single bond with other carbon atom and three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms.

From Lewis structure, octet of all carbon is complete and doublet of hydrogen is complete.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=10

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  17

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=1+4+5=10

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  18

Lewis structure shows there is single bond between carbon and hydrogen and triple bond between carbon and nitrogen.

From Lewis structure, octet of nitrogen and carbon is complete and doublet of hydrogen is complete.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The lewis and resonating structures of given compound is to be written and valence electrons are to be counted.

Concept introduction: Lewis structure shows sharing of electrons using dots. Each atom has number of dots equal to valence electrons. Every atom shares electrons to complete eight electrons in valence shell. Resonating structures are drawn when one structure can’t explain all the properties of molecule.

(h)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4RQ

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=23

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  19

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  20

Explanation of Solution

Sum of valence electrons of all atoms=4+6+6+6+1=23

Lewis structure with circles:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  21

Resonating structure:

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapter 12.3, Problem 4RQ , additional homework tip  22

Lewis structure of carbonate ion shows one oxygen atom is bonded to carbon by double bond and two oxygen ions are bonded by single bonded. But in actual all the C-O bond lengths in carbonate ion is same. So, resonating structures of carbonate ions are formed. In resonance hybrid two unit negative charge is equally spread on three oxygen atoms and bond length of C-O lies in between double and single bond.

Lewis structure shows octet of oxygen and carbon is complete.

Chapter 12 Solutions

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - Prob. 1ACh. 12 - Prob. 2ACh. 12 - Prob. 3ACh. 12 - Prob. 4ACh. 12 - Prob. 5ACh. 12 - Prob. 6ACh. 12 - Prob. 7ACh. 12 - Prob. 8ACh. 12 - Prob. 9ACh. 12 - Prob. 10ACh. 12 - Prob. 11ACh. 12 - Prob. 12ACh. 12 - Prob. 13ACh. 12 - Prob. 14ACh. 12 - Prob. 15ACh. 12 - Prob. 16ACh. 12 - Prob. 17ACh. 12 - Prob. 18ACh. 12 - Prob. 19ACh. 12 - Prob. 20ACh. 12 - Prob. 21ACh. 12 - Prob. 22ACh. 12 - Prob. 23ACh. 12 - Prob. 24ACh. 12 - Prob. 25ACh. 12 - Prob. 26ACh. 12 - Prob. 27ACh. 12 - Prob. 28ACh. 12 - Prob. 29ACh. 12 - Prob. 30ACh. 12 - Prob. 31ACh. 12 - Prob. 32ACh. 12 - Prob. 33ACh. 12 - Prob. 34ACh. 12 - Prob. 35ACh. 12 - Prob. 36ACh. 12 - Prob. 37ACh. 12 - Prob. 38ACh. 12 - Prob. 39ACh. 12 - Prob. 40ACh. 12 - Prob. 41ACh. 12 - Prob. 42ACh. 12 - Prob. 43ACh. 12 - Prob. 44ACh. 12 - Prob. 45ACh. 12 - Prob. 46ACh. 12 - Prob. 47ACh. 12 - Prob. 48ACh. 12 - Prob. 49ACh. 12 - Prob. 50ACh. 12 - Prob. 51ACh. 12 - Prob. 52ACh. 12 - Prob. 53ACh. 12 - Prob. 54ACh. 12 - Prob. 55ACh. 12 - Prob. 56ACh. 12 - Prob. 57ACh. 12 - Prob. 58ACh. 12 - Prob. 59ACh. 12 - Prob. 60ACh. 12 - Prob. 61ACh. 12 - Prob. 62ACh. 12 - Prob. 63ACh. 12 - Prob. 64ACh. 12 - Prob. 1STPCh. 12 - Prob. 2STPCh. 12 - Prob. 3STPCh. 12 - Prob. 4STPCh. 12 - Prob. 5STPCh. 12 - Prob. 6STPCh. 12 - Prob. 7STPCh. 12 - Prob. 8STPCh. 12 - Prob. 9STP
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