Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 23CTQ
When Chargaffwas performing his experiments,
the tetranucleotide hypothesis, which stated that DNA was composed of GACT
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When Chargaff was performing his experiments, the tetranucleotide hypothesis, which stated that DNA was composed of GACT nucleotide repeats, was the most widely accepted view of DNA’s composition. How did Chargaff disprove this hypothesis?
There were three main groups working to discover the structure of DNA. Who were the three different teams and what techniques were they using?
Discuss the reasons proteins were generally favored over DNA as the genetic material before 1940. What was the role of the tetranucleotide hypothesis in this controversy?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- Using Chargaff’s rule of base pairing determine the amount of guanine in 120 bp long fragment of double strand DNA if there are 45 adenines present. Show your work for credit.arrow_forwardHow did Griffiths and Avery discover that DNA was the molecule of heredity? Would we have been able to discover the structure of DNA without this work? Why or why not? Would we have been able to understand or actually try to understand DNA replication without his work? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhile trying to determine the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick at one point proposed that like bases are bonded to like bases. For example, thymine would be bonded to thymine, cytosine would be bonded to cytosine, and so on. Explain why this proposed model would not fit based on what was discovered to be true about DNA.arrow_forward
- Erwin Chargaff conducted several studies on the base composition of DNA. The data in Table 1 shows the molar properties of bases in the nucleic acid from six different living organisms. Nucleic acid Yeast Paracentrotus lividus Herring Rat Human Species Z (i) (ii) (iii) Adenine 31.3 32.8 27.8 28.6 30.7 30.9 Table 1 Percentage (%) Thymine 32.9 32.1 27.5 28.4 31.2 29.4 Guanine 18.7 17.7 22.2 21.4 19.3 ? Cytosine 17.1 18.4 22.6 21.5 18.8 ? A+G G+C 1.79 1.85 1.23 1.33 1.62 ? What are the percentage of Guanine and Cytosine in Species Z? Which organism has the higher melting point for its DNA structure compared to Species 7.? Explain why DNA in the presence of salt will have a higher melting temperature (Tm).arrow_forwardWhy wasn’t James Watson punished by the scientific community once more was learned about how he obtained the critical data needed to come up with the structure of DNA?arrow_forwardChargaff determined the base composition of DNA from a variety ofdifferent sources.What information do you know based onthe question and based on your understanding of thetopic?.arrow_forward
- Draw the full structure of the DNA dinucleotide C-T. Identify the 5′ and 3′ ends of this dinucleotide.arrow_forwardWith regard to Chargaff’s experiment described in Figure shown,answer the following:A. What is the purpose of paper chromatography?B. Explain why it is necessary to remove the bases in order todetermine the base composition of DNA.C. Would Chargaff’s experiments have been convincing if theyhad been done on DNA from only one species? Discuss.arrow_forwardOne strand of a double-helical DNA has the sequence (5’)GCTCAATATTTCTCAAAAT ATTGCGC(3’). Write the base sequence of the complementary strand. What special type of sequence is contained in this DNA segment?arrow_forward
- What would fit best for right properties of dna?arrow_forwardFour nucleic-acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of nucleotides they contain. Survey the data in the table below to determine which samples are DNA and which are RNA, and specify whether each sample is double-stranded or single-stranded. Justify each answer (DNA and RNA can be both single and double-stranded). A G T U C Sample 1 23% 27% 23% 0 27% Sample 2 35% 35% 0 15% 15% Sample 3 17% 33% 0 17% 33% Sample 4 30% 30% 20% 0 20% Sample A is Sample B is Sample C is Sample D isarrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT describe DNA as it occurs in Eukaryotic cells. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY: 1. nitrogenous bases of opposite strands are paired through covalent bonds 2. base pairs are stacked 3.4 A (0.34 nm) apart 3. the two strands of one double helix are complementary 4. two long polynucleotide chains 5. there are 20 base pairs per each turn of a double helix 6. adenine pairs with thymine of the neighboring nucleotide in a single DNA strand 7. bases face outside of the double helix 8. consecutive nucleotides of a single DNA strand are linked by hydrogen bonds 9. here are A-T and G-C pairs in DNA double helix 10. sugar-phosphate backbone of a single DNA strand is formed by linking deoxyribose units and phosphate groups through phosphodiester bonds 11. the two strands of one helix are antiparallel 12.double helix 13. the larger major groove alternates with the smaller minor groove along the length of the double stranded DNA I tried 2,3,4,9,10,11,12,13 together and got it…arrow_forward
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