Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design (McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering)
Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design (McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398204
Author: Richard G Budynas, Keith J Nisbett
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 21P

2-21 to 2-23 A 1-in-diameter rod. 3 ft long, of unknown material is found in a machine shop. A variety of inexpensive nondestructive tests are readily available to help determine the material, as described below:

  1. (a)   Visual inspection.
  2. (b)   Scratch test: Scratch the surface with a file; observe color of underlying material and depth of scratch.
  3. (c)   Check if it is attracted to a magnet.
  4. (d)   Measure weight (±0.05 Ibf).
  5. (e)   Inexpensive bending deflection test: Clamp one end in a vise, leaving 24 in cantilevered. Apply a force of 100 Ibf (±1 lbf). Measure deflection of the free end (within ± 1/32 in).
  6. (f)     Brinell hardness test.

Choose which tests you would actually perform, and in what sequence, to minimize time and cost, but to determine the material with a reasonable level of confidence. The table below provides results that would be available to you if you choose to perform a given lest. Explain your process, and include any calculations. You may assume the material is one listed in Table A-5. If it is carbon steel, try to determine an approximate specification from Table A-20.

Test Results if test were made
Prob. 2-21 Prob. 2-22 Prob. 2-23
(a) Dark gray, rough surface finish, moderate scale Silvery gray, smooth surface finish, slightly tarnished Reddish-brown, tarnished, smooth surface finish
(b) Metallic gray, moderate scratch Silvery gray, deep scratch Shiny brassy color, deep scratch
(c) Magnetic Not magnetic Not magnetic
(d) W = 7.95 Ibf W = 2.90 Ibf W = 9.00 Ibf
(e) δ = 5/16 in δ = 7/8 in δ = 17/32 in
(f) HB = 200 HB = 95 HB = 70
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