Concept explainers
Young’s double-slit experiment underlies the instrument landing system used to guide aircraft to sale landings at some airports when the visibility is pool. Although real systems are more complicated than the example described here, they operate on the same principles. A pilot is trying to align her plane with a runway as suggested in Figure P37.22. Two radio antennas (the black dots in the figure) are positioned adjacent to the runway, separated by d = 40.0 m. The antennas broadcast unmodulated coherent radio waves at .10.0 MHz.
The red lines in Figure P37.22 represent paths along which maxima in the interference pattern of the radio waves exist. (a) Find the wavelength of the waves. The pilot “locks onto” the strong signal
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 37 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
- Often in optics scientists take advantage of effects that require very high intensity light. To get the desired effect a scientist uses a laser with power P = 0.0065 W to reach an intensity of I = 170 W/cm2 by focusing it through a lens of focal length f = 0.11 m. The beam has a radius of r = 0.0011m when it enters the lens. Randomized VariablesP = 0.0065 WI = 170 W/cm2f = 0.11 mr = 0.0011 Part (a) Express the radius of the beam, rp, at the point where it reaches the desired intensity in terms of the given quantities. (In other words, what radius does the beam have to have after passing through the lens in order to have the desired intensity?) Part (b) Give an expression for the tangent of the angle that the edge of the beam exits the lens with with respect to the normal to the lens surface, in terms of r and f? Part (c) Express the distance, D, between the lens's focal point and the illuminated object using tan(α) and rp. Part (d) Find the distance, D, in centimeters.…arrow_forwardTwo radio antennas separated by d = 300 m, as shown in Figure P24.7, simultaneously broadcast identical signals at the same wavelength. A car travels due north along a straight line at position x = 1 000 m from the center point between the antennas, and its radio receives the signals. (a) If the car is at the position of the second maximum after that at point o when it has traveled a distance of y = 400 m northward, what is the wavelength of the signals? (b) How much farther must the car travel from this position to encounter the next minimum in reception? Hint: Do not use the small angle approximation in this problem.arrow_forwardFor this problem, I know the answer is E but I do not know how to get there. Seeing the steps and equations would be much appreciated. Thank youarrow_forward
- The pupil of an eagle's eye has a diameter of 6.0 mm. Two field mice are separated by 0.010 m. From a distance of 197 m, the eagle sees them as one unresolved object and dives toward them at a speed of 20 m/s. Assume that the eagle's eye detects light that has a wavelength of 550 nm in vacuum. How much time passes until the eagle sees the mice as separate objects? t= iarrow_forwardThe pupil of an eagle's eye has a diameter of 6.0 mm. Two field mice are separated by 0.010 m. From a distance of 166 m, the eagle sees them as one unresolved object and dives toward them at a speed of 24 m/s. Assume that the eagle's eye detects light that has a wavelength of 550 nm in vacuum. How much time passes until the eagle sees the mice as separate objects? t= i eTextbook and Mediaarrow_forwardThere are hand-held spectrometers which will separate the colors of light into a "rainbow" using a diffraction grating. Using a single-slit arrangement will provide a MUCH less precise separation - but let's explore what that would do. The width of our single slit will be0.1 mm. (a) What is the angular width (in degrees) of the central maximum of red light (λ=700 nm) ?arrow_forward
- You are working in an optical research laboratory. One of your projects involves the use of a double slit through which you pass orange laser light of wavelength 590 nm. Unfortunately, because of budget cuts, there are a lot of researchers in the same room, with lots of equipment stuffed in theroom, and, in particular, lots of laser beams flying around the room. One day, you find that a second laser beam of unknown origin and different color is entering your double slit along with your orange beam and you are seeing an interference pattern that is the sum of those due to the twobeams. You notice that the combined pattern is pretty much a mess, but wait! The m = 3 maximum of your orange laser beam pattern is pure; there is absolutely no mixture of the other color at that point. From this fact, you determine the wavelength of the offending laser light so that you can figure out which other researcher to ask to modify the aiming of his laser.arrow_forwardWhich one of the below statements is wrong? Select one: Color dispersion in a dielectric material is an indication of the frequency dependence of its refractive index. A spherical ball of glass (ng = 1.5), with a radius of 20 cm, is immersed in water (nw = 1.3). The surface of the ball has a refractive power of 0.01 D. Fermat’s principle states that the trajectory of a light ray between two points extremizes the total optical path.arrow_forwardFirst-order Bragg scattering from a certain crystal occurs at an angle of incidence of 63.8°; see figure below. The wavelength of the x-rays is 0.261nm. Assuming that the scattering is from the dashed planes shown, find the unit cell size ao. 63.8° X raysarrow_forward
- The Rayleigh criterion provides a convenient way to describe the theoretical resolution (e.g. an ability to distinguish two bright objects ) of an optical system. The criterion states that two small bright sources of light can be resolved if the first diffraction minimum of the image of one source point just coincides with of further apart then the first maximum of another (see figure below). A converging lens, 37.7 mm in diameter, is used to form images of distant objects. Considering the diffraction by the lens, what angular separation must two distant point objects have in order to satisfy Rayleigh's criterion? Assume that the wavelength of the light from the distant objects is 439 nm. Provide your answer in millidegrees (mdeg).arrow_forward36. Figure P36.35 shows a radio-wave transmitter and a receiver separated by a distance d and both a distance h above the ground. The receiver can receive signals both directly from the transmitter and indirectly from signals that reflect from the ground. Assume the ground is level between the transmitter and receiver and a 180* phase shift occurs upon reflection. Determine the longest wavelengths that interfere (a) constructively and (b) destructively.arrow_forwardProblem 2. A) A Michelson interferometer uses light of wavelength 500 nm. The irradiance of the beam exiting the laser is IL. What are the possible differences in the lengths of the arms of the interferometer when the irradiance at the detector is IL/3? B) Young's Double slit experiment is performed with HeNe laser wavelength 632.8 nm. The screen is 2 m from the slits and the slit separation is 0.2 mm. Find the distance of the 3th bright fringe from the center of the interference pattern on the screen (call the central bright fringe the "Oth" fringe).arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning