Alexander Gurung
Ms. Gilbert
English 11 Honors
4 April 2017
Dramatic Irony, Verbal Irony, and Comic Juxtaposition in Trying to Help Jim
Language matters. More specifically, the words we use change the way we perceive the world around us. This theory, known as linguistic relativism, gives us a way of analyzing the motivations and worldviews of characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through the way they discuss the problems presented to them. This is especially important when discussing reform, as a character’s changes in speech can help us asses the affect their environment has on their ability to ameliorate the situation. In Chapter 36, Trying to Help Jim, Twain presents a cynical picture of reformation, arguing that regression pervades
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For example, he says: “But we can’t fool along; we got to rush; we ain’t got no time to spare” which appears to signify comprehension (Twain, 246). This is of course very ironic because as the reader, we know that Tom is taking much longer than necessary by having this whole scheme at all, but the sentiment remains. The differentiator, therefore, is how much Tom cares about Jim’s plight. He understands the gravity of the situation, but for much of this ‘adventure’ he simply doesn’t concern himself with worrying about Jim’s wellbeing. As a result, the verbal irony present in saying ‘we got to rush’ further evidences Tom’s entrenchment in his own set of ideals. He understands the state of affairs well enough to comprehend the need for urgency, but doesn’t truly care due to ingrained apathy towards even former slaves caused by Southern society’s embedded racism and his own egotism from being merely a child. This attitude is echoed in the scene inside Jim’s cell, which Tom describes as “the best fun he ever had in his life” (249). This comic juxtaposition between imprisonment and entertainment further underlines the abstract nature Jim’s servitude holds in Tom’s mind, as the ethical quandaries of keeping Jim enslaved barely factor into his …show more content…
While he understands the need to work quickly, he doesn’t care enough to simplify his plan, instead opting for having fun at Jim’s expense in the meantime. More interestingly, however, the way in which Tom frames the entire situation is mimicked by Huck during the aforementioned case-knife scene. Huck uses the same altered version of ‘morality’ as Tom, indicating that while he is still in favour of getting Jim out quickly, he contextualizes the problem in the same way that Tom does, whose views on the subject have already been shown to be ethically dubious. Although his specific perspective differs from Tom’s, the way in which he is interpreting the problem at hand speaks volumes about his change in attitude. A mere few chapters prior when Huck said “All right, then, I’ll go to hell”, Jim’s enslavement was a real threat, and it corresponded to an incredibly difficult ethical dilemma in Huck’s mind (Twain, 214). In contrast, the issue in Trying to Help Jim has been rendered abstract, and consequently neither Huck nor Tom take the problem with the appropriate gravity or
In the middle of the book, Huck starts to distinguish what is the right thing to do. He starts to think if all the things he was doing before with Jim and Tom were too mean and stupid to do. One specific example is when he decides to steal the money that the king and duke have, “I got to steal that money somehow; and I got to steal it some way that they wont suspicion I done it." (Twain 133) After Huck stole the money Huck and Jim didn’t feel bad at all, and knew that they did the right thing after all. He learns that not everyone can be scammed on, that the real life is important and that you can’t do anything stupid like that. He sees eye to eye with Jim and realizes that he cant have someone taken advantage of just because of their
Although The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an exciting and seemingly light-hearted story, Mark Twain wrote the book to expose the systemic flaws in antebellum American society. One of its major themes is hypocrisy. Twain used a satirical approach to uncover the racial and religious hypocrisy of the South.
In Mark Twain’s book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the protagonist, Huck Finn, struggles in-between the Southern values of slavery and his own conscience, letter revealing situational irony. Situational irony is an occasion in which the outcome is significantly different from what was expected or considered appropriate. Slavery was commonplace in Huck’s time. No one has told him differently, but somehow the isolation on the raft, away from the laws of civilization changed that misguided outlook.as a port uneducated boy, Huck questions the precepts that society takes for granted. This self questioning is heighten by the difference of social orders: Huck and Jim’s microcosmic community where everyone wants everyone else to be satisfied
Although he predicts society will deem him to be "a low down Abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum," he prefers to be shunned and to risk punishment and shame for the sake of freeing Jim (Twain 43). Clearly, Huck's fondness for Jim is evident when Huck intends to send a letter to Miss Watson returning Jim but chooses to rip it to save him instead. Huck responds, "I'll right, then, I'll go to hell'- and he tore it up" (Twain 214). Huck accepts his rebellious nature and terrible fate to hell as he escapes from civilized society and into a place driven by his instincts. Jim's desire for freedom puts Huck in a moral dilemma because he must decide whether to follow his innate sense of morality or the restrictive guidelines of society.
Because blacks are uneducated, he sees them as stupid and stubborn. He frequently tells stories to Jim, mainly about foreign kings and history. When Jim disagrees with Huck, Jim becomes very stubborn and refuses to listen to explanations. Huck eventually concludes, "You can't learn a nigger to argue". Jim also seems to accept that whites are naturally superior to blacks. He knows that Huck is far smarter than he is. When Tom Sawyer and Huck are planning an elaborate breakout for Jim, he allows their outrageous plan to continue because they "was white folks and knowed better than him". This mutual acceptance of whites as superior to blacks shows how deeply rooted slavery was in Southern culture. This made it very difficult for Huck to help Jim. When Tom Sawyer says he will help free Jim, Huck is very disappointed. He had never thought that Tom Sawyer, of all people, would be a "nigger stealer". Huck had always considered Tom respectable and educated, and yet Tom was prepared to condemn himself to damnation by freeing a runaway slave. This confuses Huck greatly, who no longer knows what to think about his situation with Jim. When Huck is forced to make a decision regarding slavery, he invariably sides with his emotions. Huck does not turn Jim in, despite having several chances. His best chance to do what he believes is right comes as they are rafting towards Cairo, Illinois. Huck finally
Huck has only ever known his father as the uneducated drunk that he was in the book. Therefore, when he is out with Jim for such a long period of time, he begins to look up to Jim and his outlook on life. In Document E, in the letter Huck wants to write to Miss. Watson, we see him explain somewhat the adventure him and Jim went on. Specifically, when they were traveling down the river, “...and would always call me honey, and pet me, and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was;” (Document E). To me, this not only shows how Huck saw Jim as a father figure, but how Jim treated Huck as his own flesh and blood. Also in Document E, we see Huck decide to help Jim rather than telling Miss. Watson where he is. This exhibits how Huck is okay with the fact that this will always be on his conscience, “‘All right then, I’ll go to hell’--and tore it up,” (Document E). Huck deciding this on his own shows us how he didn’t want anyone to know where Jim was because he wanted him to stay in his life. He also wanted to save Jim so he would still have that father figure in his life. In spite of the fact that Jim has no rights, Huck is able to learn valuable things from this man on their adventure down the
He also does not doubt tom?s judgment when he says ?But go ahead, I ain?t got nothing to say? because he does not know any better. On the other hand, Huck gains knowledge while experiencing the journey to free Jim and suddenly Huck encounters a decision that requires much more consideration than anything he has ever thought about. As Huck decides whether or not to turn Jim in to Miss Watson, he says, ?I studied a minute, a sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ?All right, then, I?ll go to hell?? (Twain 228). Huck now has the ability to think for himself. This important decision goes against what he has always been taught. He thinks his decision thoroughly, unlike before. With his new standards of morality, Huck decides not to turn Jim in. It is apparent that he improves in his aptitude of making choices. Huck?s capability of making decisions alone shows that he is maturing into an independent young man.
“All heroes are shadows of Christ” (1), stated John Piper, a religious scholar, pastor, and teacher. Piper’s analysis of Jesus’ traits resulted in his connection between those whom the community views as heroes and Christ. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain applies a biblical reference to Huck’s companion, Jim. Disregarding the fallacy that Jim does not relate to a Christ figure because of his abusive past, his personality becomes comparable to the Messiah through his benevolence and sacrifice.
When talking about Tom being shot, he states, “He had a dream,” I says, “and it shot him” (Twain 277). The climax of the novel is when Huck says he will go to hell in order to save Jim. They show the true meaning of friendship as Tom sacrifices his body as well as what Huck says. It is ironic how Tom and Huck were doing what is right, but, are shot because of how stupid racism was. It is also cool how Huck seems so calm under pressure. He tells a funny lie and still somehow gets away with it. He is willing to do anything to save his friends just like they would for him. The falling action is the best part of the story as the story comes together as a whole, and we learn new things. Jim has far more humanity than Tom Sawyer. Earlier in the book it states, “I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does for their'n. It don't seem natural, but I reckon it's so"(Twain 157). Jim is superstitious and occasionally sentimental, but he is also intelligent, practical, and ultimately more of an adult than anyone else in the novel. Bercovitch states, “Jim, the example of man-reduced-to-beast-of-burden, is articulating the self-evident truths of human equality”(Bercovitch). Throughout the story, Jim never wants to hurt Huck, but, Tom is a liar. Kevin Scott states in his writing, “Tom has none of Huck's concerns” (Scott). Tom doesn’t know what it is like to be in
There is a major argument among literary critics whether the adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, is or is not a racist novel. The question focus on the depiction of Jim, the black slave, and the way he is treat by Huck and other characters. The use of the word “nigger” is also a point raised by some critic, who feel that Twain uses the word too often and too loosely. Mark Twain never presents Jim in a negative light. He does not show Jim as a drunkard, as a mean person or as a cheat.
The highly lauded novel by Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, entertains the reader with one adventure after another by a young boy (and his runaway slave friend Jim) in the mid-1800s who is on strange but interesting path to adolescence and finally adulthood. What changes did he go through on the way to the end of the novel? And what was his worldview at the end of the novel? These two questions are approached and answered in this paper.
In every man’s life he faces a time that defines his maturation from boyhood to manhood. This usually comes from a struggle that the boy faces in his life. In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s defining moment of maturity is Huck’s struggle with Tom in helping Jim escape. Tom sends Huck and Jim through a wild adventure to free Jim because of his Romantic thinking. Tom represents society and its Romantic ideals while Huck struggles to break away from these and become his own realist individual. These Romantic ideas lead Huck into many dangerous situations that pit Huck and Jim as Realist individuals versus a society infused
In Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the young protagonist Huckleberry Finn runs away from his abusive father with Jim, a black slave. Throughout the novel, Huck encounters people that fail to understand the injustice of slavery and violence, despite their education. Although Huck lacks any substantial education, his moral values and judgment are highly developed. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses uneducated, colloquial diction and deliberate syntax to provide ironic contrast between Huck’s rudimentary level of education and profound use of moral judgment.
As evidenced in the introductory instances regarding death, Huck’s morality is defective and his sympathy is missing. Perhaps, Huck’s flaws are due to his close contact with the iconic delinquent Tom Sawyer, who is likely corroding Huck’s ethics. Consequently, when Huck bonds with his new partner-in-crime, Jim, a stark juxtaposition is evidenced between the ideals of Tom and Jim. However, luckily “youth is a time of greater potential for change than any other stage of life”, and Jim’s positive influence proves beneficial (Trites 53) . Specifically, Jim is extraordinarily superstitious and attaches a copious amount of meaning to just about everything, even a measly snake skin (Twain 162). Of course, this means that Jim does not completely disregard the significance of death and importance of sympathy, as Tom and his mischievous mates do. Consequently, Jim “has proven himself as a morally admirable figure” (Bollinger). As a result, after prolonged exposure to Jim, Huck starts to exude more concern for the life of others, as evidenced in quite a few scenarios that take place on his and Jim’s journey.
Often times Huck found himself in a moral dilemma on whether to do what society instilled in him or to do what he thinks should be done. Huck betrayed those feelings of “what society would want” him to do in order to be a good friend to Jim, putting his own self up at risk again for Jim. Jim was being held captive by Huck’s current host and Huck, abandoning his duties of his superior race and being a good Christian, as the Widow called it Huck suddenly has an epiphany “All right then, I'll go to hell!” as he goes to “steal Jim out of slavery” (212). Seeing the situation through Huck’s perspective it gives the reader every little detail that goes into his thought process in his decision making. These types of actions were considered wrong by society at that time and place but Huck sets that all aside and does what he feels is the right thing. Most of the time Huck has to think on his feet making the decision making process even more difficult, like the time when Huck was going to give Jim up as a runaway slave. “Then I thought a minute, and says to myself, hold on, s’pose you’d ‘a’ done right and give Jim up, would you feel better than what you do now? No, says I, I’d feel bad---I’d feel just the same way I do now” (91). Even through Huck’s dialect you can see him argue with himself on what the right thing to is, but he throws out what society would do and does what his heart tells him. Through Huck arguing