In 1937 it was for the first time when women were given property rights in their relative’s property. Widow, widow of predeceased son, widow of predeceased son’s predeceased son was included in the list of succession of a Hindu property. However, the rights were limited to use the property for her lifetime only. Neither she could transfer nor testament it. After coming into existence of Indian Constitution (1950) In the article 14 of fundamental rights, which prohibits any discrimination solely based on the ground of sex in general. Various other laws have been enacted to deal with the personal matters like marriage, divorce and succession etc., of the women. The enactment of Hindu succession Act, 1956, which is milestone legislation in …show more content…
Living with dignity without any discrimination based on sex community place of birth is presumed to be the basic structure of Indian constitution. Women lived in India under the dominance of man and always suppressed for their rights. The rights guaranteed to the women are at par with the rights of men and in some cases the women have been allowed to enjoy the benefit of certain special provisions “in the interest of women and children” through state legislation and affirmative action. The reservations for women in politics and employment have played a key role in putting up the status of women in the main stream of the society.
3 Ancestral property and Hindu Women The rights of women to succeed to any property vary from one religion to other depending on the personal laws followed by them. The religion played a very important role in the devolution of property on the woman in the earlier days. Initially the entire law of succession was un-codified but with the advent of modern governments and legislatures, most of the succession laws have been codified and consolidated. However there is no uniformity in the succession law relating to women of different religions. In India, the women had a secondary status with regard to the succession. In order to abolish the inequities related to right to property certain legislations were enacted for different religions like
Reviews the amendments of the 1868 Indian Act, highlighting the conflicts of superiority of rights to Indian men over women. Discusses the avoidance of violence and discrimination against women within communities and the need for an equal relationship between genders
According to Hinduism the female was created by Brahman as part of the duality in creation, to provide company to men and facilitate procreation, progeny and continuation of family linage. The Vedas suggest that a woman’s primary duty is to help her husband in performing obligatory duties and enable him to continue his family tradition. Her primary duty is to give birth to his children and take care of them. Hinduism is a predominantly male dominated religion. Woman play a secondary role. The situation is gradually changing. It is difficult to draw generalizations about the status of present day Hindu women because of society is complex. In general, life in cities is much different from life in the rural areas. Those who live abroad live in different conditions than those who live in the country. Yet, we have ample indications that women are still subject to many restrictions and disabilities in rural area as well as urban areas. The financial independence of woman and the education levels of the family play an important role in this regard. Women in urban areas face numerous challenges in their professions and personal lives. But overall, life is better for them compared to the past. Love marriage outside of the caste or community are scorned and sometimes the couples are killed or excommunicated by the elders in the family or village. Widows can now have a life of their own and even remarry. They draw a lot of sympathy. But
“All of these societies gave women considerable influence within a matrilineal culture, even if men usually had the decision making power.” During these societies, it can be said that the “Golden Age of Matriarchy”4 occurred during this period of time where simple farming and hunting and gathering was a major role. All of the societies that engaged in simple farming and hunting and gathering had more powerful and authoritative roles in society because they were not fully focused on reproduction. Instead, these societies wanted to limit their population due to inefficient amounts of resources.
As a result of these reviews, the ongoing reconstruction of the social status and roles of Hindu women has brought about many new changes in Hinduism. Some of these changes include changes in education, health measures, problems of early marriages, the positions of widows, and the representation of women in governing bodies (Desai, et al., 1995). For example, within Hinduism now,
Various advocates and countries take steps to increase women's equality in culture during 1909. During this year in Egypt the influence of industrialization bring forth some of the same ideals amongst women from china in 1904. Ideas to improve their role in the workplace and to improve their role amongst society in Egypt. From the primary source found on page 684 of our textbook, we found excerpts from Women in Egypt amongst the upper-class having intellectual conversation about the effects of traditional religious practices on women's freedom and their potential role in society. As the Chinese held traditional values of women through their religion and social customs so too were subjected to such relations where the females of Egypt. Amongst their society men and those of the religion practiced believe women's role pertains to duties of the children and household while men's contribution was to be that of financial gains and provisions to the family's way of life. An outdated structural anomaly common amongst many men and women we see throughout various cultures. The women of this time period began to question these ideals held by their country just as various other civilizations have. What makes this source important is that it is one of many we found in this culture and in other cultures
Women were controlled entirely by their husbands. According to Smith, women’s “sole purpose in life was to find a husband, reproduced and then spend the rest of their lives serving him” (1). An instance was when a woman wanted to go out instead of being at home; she had to ask permission to her husband to do that or not. Furthermore, all of a wife’s inheritance belonged to the husband when they got married. As stated by Smith, “when a woman was married, all of her inheritance…would belong to her husband” (1).
“The idea that men and women should play different roles in society is an ancient concept.” It is the 21st century. Men and women should have equal rights by now. An examination of primary and secondary sources will reveal the historical significance of Women’s rights.
They were not able to hold possession of any type of land given or purchased for them. If property was given to a woman by her husband, she was not allowed to keep it in the South and East Asia society (Laws of Manu, Document 4). Also, according to Laws of Manu, a wife, son, and slave were to have no property at all and it belonged to who the money came from, if anything was earned (Laws of Manu, Document 4). It was unfair that women were not allowed to take part in any type of ownership and everything belonged to their husbands or men in
Women’s rights were not the same in all countries during the time of the Qing dynasty and Gupta Empire. How did women’s rights in the Qing dynasty compare to those in of India’s Gupta Empire? Women all around the world were treated differently. Some women were treated better than others but the main focus on this research paper is about the Qing dynasty and Gupta Empire.
It operated under a system of patriarchal gerontocracy, wherein the men were given higher standing in the community. Of the men, the elder men were considered the highest (Coulter 43-4). As a result, women, especially the younger women, were treated as relatively insignificant members of the population. Legally, they were treated as minors, with no rights to ownership of land, which was passed on solely through the male lineage, and had very few political rights (Coulter 59; McFerson 130). Societally, they were regarded by men as “lazy… dangerous, and [needing] to be controlled.” Their way of exercising this control was to treat them as property, first of their fathers, and later of their husbands (Coulter 58-9). This shift ownership was often treated as a transaction—families would use the women as strategic pawns to increase their standing in society by attempting to marry their daughters to well-off, elder men. These marriages would be arranged, often at a very young age, in hopes of securing bridewealth, which took the form of “property or other valuables—to the parents of a woman for the right to marry her” (McFerson 138). Marriages, then, were often contractual, furthering the objectification of the women in these contexts (130-1). To their husbands, the women were one of many possessions of the sort, as there was a tradition of polygamous relationships. Therefore, the woman would not only be subjected to the hierarchical nature of the society, but
Throughout the ages, women have been looked down upon. Women are seen as “the fairer sex”, weaker than men, and less capable. This belief even persists to this day and women still make less to every dollar a man makes for doing the same thing. The “Glass Ceiling” is a great example of how this still applies today. And the British repressed the Indian’s culture and way of life. They became second-class within their own country and did not enjoy the same rights and privileges as the British people occupying India. Racism, the “Glass Ceiling”, and the Indian’s cultural oppression are all examples of social oppression. It doesn’t matter if there were laws that either banned or legalized these practices, even if those laws were or were not there
An analysis of example can be derived from the aforementioned discriminatory sexist roles in India that prior to globalization highly favored the male population verses the female population. The female population in India has previously been less than second class citizens. Indian women's cultural roles have been previously defined by traditional customs that are centuries old and no longer apply in this day and age. Previous to globalization, Indian women were to take total domestic responsibility. They were not allowed formal education as the majority of teachers and pupils were male, and the chances of a female remaining chaste was slim in those settings, and related to tradition, females
All over the world, 8th March is celebrated as International Women’s Day. In fact, gender equality is proclaimed as fundamental right by the United Nations’ Charter in 1945. However, the status of women is not at par with that of men in India. Ages have come and go, but the plight of women is not likely to change. From aeons, time has helplessly watched excesses done on women in the form of discrimination, oppression, exploitation, degradation, and humiliation etc. gender based discrimination represents the ugly face of the society. This is global issue with varying degrees and India is not an exception to it, especially Haryana where it’s a patriarchy society.
Women’s Human rights are those minimum rights which are compulsorily obtainable by every individual as women are the member of human family. The constitution of India also guarantees the equality of rights of men and women. However, in the sphere of women’s human rights in
Inheritance and management of ancestral property is restrictive to women. While self acquired property is subjected to the earner’s authority