Give correct typing answer with explanation A mutation in ras leads to the formation of a Ras protein with no GTPase activity.Select the effects of this ras mutation on the cellular response to insulin.decreased sensitivity to insulin signalingprolonged response to insulinunregulated cell division leading to cancerreduced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)

Decreased sensitivity to insulin signalingProlonged response to insulinReduced phosphorylation of…

Answered: A mutation in ras leads to the…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter42: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3ITD

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Researchers measured prolactin and growth hormone in the blood plasma of six subjects at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. The investigators were interested in determining if the levels of these two hormones cycle over a 24-hour period. The Figure presents the results of their experiments, with the y axis values showing the amount of each hormone expressed as a percentage of the 24-hour mean value, and each point showing the average of the six subjects levels. FIGURE Mean concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in plasma, averaged for six subjects and expressed as a percentage of the average concentrations measured for the 24-hour period. Do the results support the hypothesis that the changes in prolactin level over a 24-hour period are associated with the sleepwake cycle? Source: From J. F. Sassin et al. 1972. Human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. Science 177:12051207.
Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.
Which of the following is a consequence of insulin signaling? (select all that apply) Cell growth/division genes upregulated Increased cellular glucose uptake through GLUT4 transporter glycogen degradation Glucose synthesis
Which of the following is NOT part of a liver cell's response to epinephrine? Phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase activation of Protein kinase A GDP phosphorylation by G-alpha production of cAMP
All of the following molecules are involved in insulin signal transduction except a. IRS b. RAS c. ANF d. PIP3
What protein is activated in the cytoplasm due to activation of the insulin receptor? protein kinase A glycogen phosphorylase protein phosphatase 1 glycogen synthase kinase insulin-receptor substrate
Which of the following claims is most consistent with the data shown in a.Esp protein does not regulate blood-sugar levels in normal mice. b.Normal mice require a higher blood concentration of insulin than mutant mice do. c.Esp expression is necessary to prevent the overproduction of insulin. d.Mutant mice have a cyclical pattern of insulin secretion.
Based on your understanding of the binding of insulin, select all of the following events that you would expect to occur in muscle cells due to insulin binding to receptors.Group of answer choices a. Glycogen synthesis is activated b. PFK is stabilized in the R-state and glycolysis is activated c. GLUT4 (transporters) are increased in concentration at the plasma membrane d. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased levels aid in stabilization of the T-state fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase e. Gluconeogenesis is activated in response to elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels f. Phosphorylation cascades allow for covalent modifications that would aid in the breakdown of glycogen to allow for increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the cell g. Hexokinase is inhibited so glucose will not be brought into the cell in high amounts h. Glycogen breakdown pathway is inactivated
How does a compound that inhibits the GTPase activity of G-alpha affect liver cell responses to epinephrine? It would increase proliferation. It would decrease glucose production. It would decrease proliferation. It would increase glucose production.
How would a mutation in G-alpha that increases its GTPase activity affect liver cell responses to epinephrine? It would decrease glucose production. It would decrease proliferation. It would increase proliferation. It would increase glucose production.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, cells no longer respond to the hormone insulin. What change has likely occurred in these cells to make them insulin resistant?
Define the following terms:a. second messengerb. desensitizationc. target celld. insulin resistancee. adenylate cyclase

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