A Spaniard named Juan Luis Vivès published The Teaching of the various kinds of Knowledge (De tradendis disciplinis) in 1523. Vivès encouraged teaching in the vernacular, but only if the tutors know the language marvelously well “For unless he makes use of the right and proper expressions in the mother-tongue, he will certainly mislead the boys, and the error thus imbibed will accompany them persistently as they grow up, and as men” (Elyot xxvi). The Teaching