Compare advantages and disadvantages of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for use in cellular therapy
The research of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is talked about a lot in the field of medical research, not just by the scientists, but also by politicians, religious groups, etc. The discovery of stem cells is known as a medical sensation, with its research having the potential to cure many diseases. But there are still ethical issues standing in the way of this research, and due to this, different parts of the world have different rules and regulations regarding the research of stem cells and their use in cellular therapy, and it is even illegal in a number of countries. Before I dive straight into the advantages and disadvantages of their use in cellular therapy, I should talk about the basics of hESC and how we can make them. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, i.e. they can differentiate into any type of cell in our body, and they can replicate indefinitely. We can create an embryonic stem cell line in more than one method, and most of them involve creating a fertilized egg (zygote), which eventually forms into a blastocyst. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst can be transferred onto a petri-dish containing a culture medium, where it is encouraged to divide. The diagram below illustrates this process.
(copied from Gepstein 2002)
Another method would be by a process known as Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is sometimes referred to as
Once there is an understanding of how embryonic cells are taken from the body, it can be explained why they should be used contrary to the beliefs some people have. First, Embryonic cells can cure diseases. For example, if someone is paralyzed, doctors can take an embryonic cell and use this to cure the patient (nih.gov). A man named Rusty Leech, from Michigan, was able to regain sensation in his body, when he previously could not because of a car accident. Two months of physical therapy and embryonic stem cell injections enabled him to regain feeling below his waist again. He has regained limited muscle use to help him go to the bathroom and move his legs a little on his own. “The results were unbelievable, to feel the sensations in my body that weren’t
The embryonic stem cells can be used for various medical cure. It can help treat diseases including Parkinson's, stroke, heart disease and diabetes. The embryonic stem cells are cells that can easily be transformed into any cell. This can help treat many diseases but this may also increase the number of women selling their eggs and undergo dangerous procedure to do. We don’t agree with the use of the embryonic stem cells for research.
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and are obtained from the inner mass of a 4-5 day old human blastocyst that consists of approximately 100 cells (“Stem cell research,” 2009).
There have been an argument about whether embryonic stem cell research should be used or not. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner mass of a human embryo. They are pluripotent which means they can grow into most cells. They can also become all cell types of the body. Embryonic stem cells have the capability of spreading themselves indefinitely in an undifferentiated state.
stem cells were discovered a long ago that they can be beneficial for fighting against the killer diseases but after passing of two decades of the discovery it has been profound that (hESCs) are being tried as a treatment for two noteworthy illnesses: heart fail and type 1 diabetes.
Did you know that there are people who decides the fate of the future? Who gives human beings the right to play God? To decide who lives and who dies. There comes a time where we have to ask ourselves, how much of our lives will we let the government control? Embryonic stem cell research should be discontinued because our future is being decided by regular humans who make several mistakes.
One might consider the question "If the use of hESC 's causes such a hindrance on this developing technology, why not omit research on these particular stem cells and move forward with ones which don 't require the destruction of an embryo?". Although this may seem like the obvious answer, the
Biomedical sciences have made extremely beneficial impacts through the development of new medicines, treatments, and therapies. One particularly innovative field of research is the use of human embryonic stem cells. There are different types of stem cells being used, such as adult stem cells, but human embryonic stem cells are quite magical. They have the capability to develop into any type of cell in the body. Thus, leaving the door open to new possibilities wide open. Despite being tremendously beneficial, there is a high amount of controversy surrounding the research. Which brings me to my search question: If human embryonic stem cell research is beneficial, what causes the controversy surrounding it? My research led me to discover that
Stem cells can be classified in one of three categories: embryonic stem cells, somatic or “adult” stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. Embryonic stem cells, as the name suggests, come from embryos. Only relatively recently have stem cells actually been made from human embryos; from 1981 until 1998, stem cells were grown exclusively for laboratory mice from mice. Today, however scientists are able to grow stem cells through a few techniques. One such technique uses embryos left over from in vitro fertilization. These embryos are willingly donated to research facilities. To obtain stem cells from actual embryos, scientists transfer cells from the existing embryo into a dish full of a culture medium that serves as nourishment to the cells. Here, the cells divide rapidly and can then be transferred into more culture dishes and allowed to grow further or be used in scientific research (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). The acquisition of embryonic stem cells can be somewhat controversial. For instance, many believe that it is wrong to sacrifice embryos for stem cell research. However, many embryos used to create stem cells are ones that would have gone to waste in a fertility clinic’s freezer anyways. So instead of wasting the unused embryos, we are putting them to good use and
“Researchers derive the human embryonic stem cells from the “inner cell mass” of blastocyst stage embryos that develop in culture within five days of fertilization of the oocyte. To obtain the embryonic stem cells, the early embryo has to be destroyed.” (Human embryonic).
controversial topic of embryonic stem cell research. Some will say that using stem cells to
However there are three methods into using stem cell research. One method is Adult Stem Cells (ASC), which are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body after development. These cells multiply by cell division, to replace and repair other ones. A less popular stem cells that is still in testing is Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPS). Induced pluripotent stem cells “are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to be like an embryonic stem cell. Which are forced to express factors that are important for maintaining the properties of embryonic stem cells.” The process of IPS cells are showed in the image above from the person to the dish. Many scientist are wanting to do more research with these cells since they don’t use embryos. But the most popular and most effective is Embryonic Stem Cells (EPC). EPC comes from embryos. They remove the nucleus of the embryo and inject DNA from the adult cell into it. The egg begins dividing forming clumps of cells. After it forms a blastocyst the Stem cells are harvested and the embryo is destroyed. The process is also shown in the image above. Starting from a sperm to becoming ready in the dish for
I am going against stem cell because it say it cure injuries and diseases but why haven't have doctors usd this to cure diseases? There isn't any real proof that says that they cure diseases. Anti-abortion groups also oppose research on stem cells derived from aborted fetuses. They reject the argument that since abortion is already legal and women will have them, that stem cells should be used from aborted fetuses because they would otherwise go to waste.Experience is already showing how a tragic coarsening of consciences accompanies the assault on innocent human life in the womb.
Stem cells, which have the ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) either in vivo or in vitro, would provide a potentially unlimited source of islet cells for transplantation and alleviate the major limitations of availability and allogeneic rejection. Therefore, the utilization of stem cells is becoming the most promising therapy for
It is usually either reproductive cloning or therapeutic cloning. The process of cloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is a process in which a donor somatic cell with the already genetically modified nucleus and the ability to produce RNAi molecules was taken from a cow and a enucleated metaphase II egg cell from another cow is fused with it. The cells are collected from the donors and cultured in vitro. The somatic donor cell will not express genes as it can be made to return to a dormant or embryonic state by the process of depriving it of nutrients. The nutrient deprived somatic cell containing the nucleus will stop dividing where gene knockdown has already taken place to reduce the effect of the BLG protein and can now be used to fuse with the enucleated egg cell. The donor somatic cell and the membrane of the egg cell are fused together by a mild electric pulse and a certain amount of time is needed between the first and second electric pulses to allow time for the yet unknown factors in the cytoplasm to activate the chromatin. The nucleus of the somatic cell is reprogrammed by the enucleated egg cell. This time in vitro also allows time for the embryos to develop into a blastocyst. A blastocyst is a bundle of cells which possess an inner cell mass. This can be seen in the diagram opposite. During this delayed time period the cell is