Is there such thing as being in between a male and a female? Don Kulick clears up this question through his field study in his book Travesti, which is about Brazilian male prostitutes who feminize themselves in order to obtain not only customers, but boyfriends as well as a sense of femininity. I have come to the conclusion that the overall main argument presented in this book is the identity because the travesti identify themselves in a unique way compared to what most other people would identify them as.
To be clear, travestis don’t have any confusion with their identity, it is the rest of the world that has a hard time categorizing them. The travestis’ perception of gender is developed through the way in which genitals are used during sex (Kulick, pg. 227). A male who “penetrates” and is never “penetrated” is referred to as a man, while others who are “penetrated” and may “penetrate” are referred to as either homosexuals or females (Kulick, pg. 227). Travestis range between both of these identities by feeling masculine when they “penetrate” their clients or partners, and feminine when they are “penetrated” (Kulick, pg. 227). This fluctuation creates a confusion as to whether Travestis should be labeled as “men” or “women”.
Travestis possess a lot of mixed roles. They dress like women, gossip, prefer being penetrated, wear makeup as well as wigs, and even pump their bodies full of silicone and hormones in order to look more feminine for men (Kulick, pg. 66). On the
Instead, the article further educated me on the inner thoughts and experiences that are associated with being FTM transgender or transsexual. As a cisgender individual, or someone whose gender and biological sex are the same, I am unable to empathize or related to the experiences of transgender and transsexual people. The inside look that the article provided me was appreciated and granted me a deeper understanding of what it is like to be transgender or transsexual, especially regarding how they are socially perceived. Before reading the article, I knew that transgender and transsexual individuals did not feel that their gender matched their biological sex. Through the article, I learned that while that may be true, they do not always feel pressured to change how they physically appear to identify as a gender other than one representative of their biological sex. There are many factors they consider when choosing to transition or not. The factors include: how they want to be perceived in social interactions – as a man or not as a man -, family and friends, loss of their trans or queer identity, and feeling like their gender and sex match (Dozier, 2005). However, regardless of if they transitioned, once the individuals were accepted as their desired gender, the individuals felt more comfortable breaking gendered norms, like presenting as a male but wearing nail
Spade articulates these institutions as gatekeepers who reinforce a narrative mold that SRS patients must internalize and use strategically to be seen as “authentic” transsexuals, erasing ambiguous gender identities by only granting access to those who appear to thoroughly reject all aspects (both physical and social) of the anatomical gender they were born to. Spade enthusiastically injects his experience as a way to guide and personalize his discourse, making a break from the tradition of portraying the trans experience as a routinely shared narrative rather than the wide array of individual experiences they
In Octavia Butler’s Dawn the idea of gender is deconstructed and reformed from the typical human’s definition. Often people do not consider the role of gender in society today. Usually the first thing one notices when meeting someone new is their gender or their presumed gender. However, there becomes a problem when the person whose gender we perceived identifies as a different gender. Butler forces the reader to examine how they judge and perceive gender. While the ooloi are actually “its” their personalities seem to imply a certain gender. The transgender community often brings up this issue because these assumptions of gender based on our judgments of what defines a male and what defines a female can skew how a transgender person is treated and addressed. In Chapter One of Gender Through the Prism of Difference by Anne Fausto-Sterling, the idea of expanding the number of genders based on one’s biological differences is examined through the five sexes theory. By now the concept of gender being defined solely by one’s biology has mostly been left in the past but the question remains of how do we truly define gender? How does being outside of the social norms that Michael Warner talks about cause us to feel shame when discussing our gender and our perceptions of gender? In this essay, I will argue that preconceived notions of gender create shame when a person’s own perception of their gender does not fit the social norms. This stigma around the limited and strict definitions
In “Intro-How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States,” Joanne Meyerowitz writes about the beginnings of transsexuality. She beings the article by defining cross-gender identification, as “the sense of being the other sex, and the desire to live as the other sex” (Meyerowitz 432), while transsexuality, “being the quest to transform the bodily characteristics of sex via hormones and surgery” (Meyerowitz 432). According to Meyerowitz, transsexuality began in the early 20th century. Experiments on changing sex, began in europe on animals. Then in 1920, on humans. Joanne Meyerowitz writes that “the debate on the visibility and mutability of sex” began after Christine Jorgensen, an american who went to Denmark to get a sex change in 1950, became a media sensation in America. While professionals were figuring this out, people “who identified as transsexuals, transvestites, lesbians, and gay men” (Meyerowitz 433) were having the conversation and creating the language within themselves. This conversation on sex change, occurred alongside the sexual revolution in the 60’s, opening “the movement of the organizing of programs, clinics, conferences, and associations to promote study of and treatment for transsexuals” (Meyerowitz 434).
Utilizing transference immediately and preserving the seeming normalization of the traditional dualistic view of gender roles. In turn reinforced by a somewhat insightful but mystical account of the spiritual and power bases of each gender within the society (Gutierrez 28). In a sense it seems he is avoiding the idea of transgender all together, the unwritten implication being that our current notion of transgendered is nothing but that, a notion developed by ours culture in our present.
The stereotypical labeling of genders can determine one person’s outlook on life. The judgment can make one feel like there is a set rubric to follow in order to remain in the lines regarding which gender they belong to. Such influences from peers or partners can alter
He had achieved the shock value not only with myself as the reader, but ultimately who he was addressing. Jamison had been an educator of trans people, speaking out to audiences of college students of all ages. His goal of educating the public stemmed from his own experiences with choosing to change genders as well as a broad overview of the ideas that surrounded transsexualism as a whole. He communicates well that his experiences do not encompass all transgendered people’s experiences and that transformation from male to female (MTF) is quite different from female to male (FTM) transformation. The societal complications from FTM are well examined from Jamison’s view. Many people believed that females that wanted to become males could
A person’s sex is determined on the basis of three fundamental human physiognomies, chromosomes (XX for a female and XY for a male), gonads (ovaries for females and testes for males) and the obvious being genitals (vagina for a females and a penis for males). However socially, gender identity is formulated on the grounds of stereotypical roles from both
The most obvious example is the differentiation of “transsexual” and “transgender.” In the article, “transsexual” is used to refer to someone who has specifically had treatment to physically change their body to match their gender identity; “transgender” is someone whose gender identity does not match the gender they were assigned at birth, regardless of whether they have made physical gender-related changes to their body (155). Today, the term “transsexual” is almost obsolete. Interestingly, however, Halberstam briefly presents conflict between “transsexuals” and “transgenders” that is mirrored somewhat today in informal conflicts between “truscum” and “transtrenders/tucutes” (154-155). In today’s transgender communities, people called “truscum” (generally by other people) feel that people they call “transtrenders” or “tucutes” are not truly transgender; they feel these people are merely pretending to be transgender for the sake of attention. On the other hand, those called “transtrenders” or “tucutes” (generally by other people) feel attacked and policed by “truscum” and insist that they are transgender regardless of whether they meet the standards set by truscum. Halberstam cites some identity politics (154-155) that are reminiscent of this, which suggests that even as terms change, identity policing remains a consistent issue in transgender
“They’re calling themselves, ‘transgendered’: It’s a spongy neologism that, at its broadest, absorbs everyone from medically reassigned transsexuals to cross-dressing men towomen so masculine that security guards are called to eject them from the women’s restrooms. Fellow travelers include intersexuals (once called hermaphrodites), whose bodies are both/and rather than either/or. The slash between M/F cuts painfully through these lives.” (221)
Serano recalls her own experiences of being sexualized to shed light on how trans identities are sexualized. The story points out how a person’s transition from one gender to another, or being trans itself can be viewed as sexual solicitation, rather than a result of their own identity (Serano 257). The sexualization of trans people is based on a societal viewpoint that centers itself around male heterosexuality, as Serano expounds:
Cho explains this by saying, that although women are stigmatized for being that sex, when they are denounced for being both a woman and a certain race, it can become a wholly different experience for an individual (351).
The body once established as “natural” and binary sex an unquestioned “fact,” is the alibi for constructions of gender and sexuality, which can purport to be the just-as-natural expressions or consequences of a more fundamental sex. It is on the foundation of the construction of this natural binary sex that the binaries of gender and heterosexuality are likewise constructed as innate. This narrative “gives a false sense of legitimacy and universality to a culturally specific and, in some cases, culturally oppressive version of gender identity” (Butler 329). Without a critique of sex as produced by discourse, Butler claims, the distinction of sex and gender used to contest the constructions of binary gender and enforced heterosexuality would be wholly ineffective.
In any case, a few people don't feel that they fall into the gender binary and they question or test the male-manly and female-ladylike double. For instance, people that distinguish as transgender feel that their gender identity does not coordinate their natural sex. People that distinguish as gender queer challenge characterizations of manly and ladylike, and may recognize as some place other than male and female, in the middle of male and female, a mix of male and female, or a third or forward, or fifth continuing in sex inside and out. These personalities exhibit the smoothness of sexual orientation, which is so as often as possible thought to be organic and unchanging. Sexual orientation smoothness additionally demonstrates how sex standards are found out and either acknowledged or dismisses by the mingled
Culture and society shape and mould us into who we are in today’s world, and it is apparent that the fluidity of culture and society is held responsible for one’s gender to change over time. In the East, most transgenders in countries such as India and Thailand challenge cultural and social norms to claim alternative gender in this world. In the West, however, most transgenders define themselves as the opposite gender than the one others would consider as matching the one they were born. Looking at the example of a male identifying as a female, Lewins (1995:48) mentioned the tensions intertwined to the culture one was born into to the confusion of one who