Are Looking At Target 13.1? Essay

National security, in the 21st century, has shifted from the focus on traditional threats (armed forces) (Siddiqi, 2013) to the integration of new threats and challenges, which have global consequences as the world evolves. Climate change has been increasingly identified as a serious contemporary security threat (McDonald, 2013), nationally and globally, instead of an environmental concern (Dupont & Pearman, 2008). This challenge presents a long-term global threat, with substantial human, national and transnational security repercussions (Wuebbles, Chitkara & Matheny, 2014). Furthermore, Wuebbles et al. (2014) acknowledge climate change as a threat multiplier, seen to exacerbate stresses (i.e. conflict, instability and poverty), enhancing the global importance of the issue as recognised as a critical national security risk. In perceiving climate change as a threat multiplier, this essay will recognise how the issues cumulative progression and consequences interacts with existing security issues, directly and indirectly challenging national security (Brown, Hammill & McLeman, 2007). Secondly, the long-term risk of climate change will be discussed, analysing the importance of implementing adaptation strategies for risk protection and vulnerability reduction. Finally, being a transnational security threat, global cooperation will be addressed, stressing the importance of internationalism and collaboration to protect against this evolving threat to national and

Since the beginning of International Relations and foreign policy, especially in the United States, environmental issues have not been its top priority. this problem has gained much momentum sense the environmental movements of the sixties and the passing of landmark pieces of policy. From domestic policy decisions of the Clean Air and Water Acts to the international ban on CFC’s, environmental policy has showed a degree of promise and precedence. Many critics of past and current mitigation efforts have pointed out that our current efforts are much too slow and International Protocols and not lived up to their projections. In order for climate policy to be successful it must appertain to three distinct criteria; It must be adopted broadly, have the ability to stay in place indefinitely, and it needs to have incentives to reduce emissions that make it beneficial for firms and the public sector to invest (McKibbin 2006, 9). According to some it will be motivation, not feasibility as to the deciding factor of whether or not we are successful in mitigating and adapting to climate change (Jamieson 2013, 466).

The Unites States of America is currently working to combat climate change in order to protect people from its effects. By combatting climate change, the USA hopes to prevent its effects from becoming worse in the future because the USA cares for its citizens and doesn’t want them to keep experiencing the consequences of climate change. The USA is putting great effort into dealing with climate change and also hopes that other businesses, organization, and individuals will join them in their effort (Environmental News Service). One concern the USA has towards climate change is its cause of natural disasters. Climate change is bringing more natural disasters by making weather patterns stronger, and weather patterns are becoming stronger as climate change grows which is bringing more natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and drought to the USA (Rice). One example of a natural disaster that occurred in the USA as a result of climate change is the tornado in Moore, Oklahoma. In this event, a tornado rated 5 on the Enhanced Fuijta scale hit Oklahoma and had a negative impact on this city by destroying many of its houses and buildings also resulting in the destruction of businesses such as schools (Cable News Network). Another major concern of the USA towards climate change is that it will cause a rise in the global sea level which will result in many of its coastal cities to be submerged underwater. There will be a permanent 4 feet rise in the global sea level

It has recently come to my attention that Target Co. utilizes data mining to extract a wide spectrum of information about its customers by accumulating, analyzing and storing data about customer purchases. While I understand that this practice enables Target Co. to simultaneously deliver individually targeted advertisements across its diverse customer groupings, thereby increasing the potential for sales and improving customer retention, I also understand that large amounts of data unearthed by data mining can be manipulated to uncover hidden purchasing patterns to predict and shape future purchase decisions. Therefore, although there are significant benefits to using data mining, there are also serious costs associated with data mining that

Climate change has become a major issue in global environmental politics as it has been shown to have a correlation with issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and desertification. As Chapter 45 states “The 2007 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found consensus in the scientific community that greenhouse gas emissions have significantly increased because of human activity and, further, that the modest temperature increases we have already experienced are “very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.” Due to this report awareness was brought to almost everyone of how serious human activity was to the global climate. In 2009, it was declared that “If global warming is to be limited to a maximum of two degrees C. above preindustrial values, global emissions need to peak between 2015 and 2020 and then decline rapidly”. To me this sounds foreboding and it is something that deserves our full attention immediately. To try and get a better understanding of how serious climate change is, I’m going to try and interpret chapter 45 which deals on climate change through 5 different paradigms of International Relations.

One of the most unique aspects of climate change is its ability to impact every person in every nation across the world. Its omnipotent presence calls for, what I predict will be, the largest global initiative and

“we know that the costs of these events can be measured in lost lives and lost livelihoods, lost homes, lost businesses, hundreds of billions of dollars in emergency services and disaster relief. In fact, those who are already feeling the effects of climate change don’t have time to deny it -- they’re busy dealing with it.”(Barack Obama, ) To what extent should the U.S. government alleviate climate change in America .Climate change can affect our country through a number of factors cultural, social and natural. However what is being done to cut down pollution, global warming and any other factors of climate change that is hazardous to our country are all the perspectives that are into consideration when trying to find a solution to this worldly problem. How the alleviates climate change and do what needs to be done determines the sustainability of America for future generations.

This hurricane season has disrupted millions of lives, destroying entire areas and killing hundreds of innocent people. Besides looking for ways to mitigate the devastating effects of hurricanes, governments should start addressing the root causes of such devastating natural disasters. With available evidence clearly indicating that warmer oceans are likely to result in more destructive hurricanes, there is no reason why all nations across the world shouldn’t agree on a new set of environmental regulations aimed at tackling global warming in an effective and swift manner.

The UNFCCC is an organisation created to provide and international response to challenge climate change by researching and implementing measures to limit and control the planet’s greenhouse gas emissions. Principles and framework are set out to aid the distribution of responsibilities within the countries as a means of reducing the associated greenhouse gas emissions.

Yes. Evaluate the numbers related to deaths of women and children by climate change and the number of deaths in marginalized communities, wait x number of years, re-evaluate those numbers to see if they have gone up or down. If they have gone down, then the target has successfully been implemented.

Both are international organizations. But the UNFCCC recognizes that problems with the climate are real and evident, but hasn’t implement a system that would help lessen the problem. In 1988 the US had monumental problems with their climate, but rejected a proposal to lower counties’ discharge (273). The author’s evidence proves that there is a recognition for the need of climate control on an international level, but further steps are only taken if they do not impede on economic interests of these

Prior to the Paris Agreement, participating countries have submitted national plans that addressed their intentions for combatting the climate change after 2020 (Dimitrov 2016). These nationally determined contributions outlined a number of issues – all being relevant to adapting and coping with climate change challenge. Although these contributions are not final, they are representative of the intended climate actions that countries will pursue after 2020.

As the impact of the climate change on human lives has become more and more significant, the climate change issue has been included in the SDGs as Goal 13. Measuring the targets in SDGs’ each goal is important to guarantee its effectiveness. The target 13.1 can be measured by comparing the data of the increasing rate of resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters between applicable countries. However, an agreement in the global scale system is required to get the right data set. The target 13.2, which deals with nations’ policies, strategies and planning, emphasizes each nation’s approaches to solve the climate change issues through its policies. It can be measured by calculating the number of relevant policies and looking into regression analysis models which would identify how these policies actually contributed to solving those problems. 13.3 focuses on early education and climate change empowerment in order to minimize the impact of the climate change. This target is measurable by examining each country’s education programs and people’s general awareness in global climate change issues. The target 13.a, which deals with the actions of the developed countries, can be measured by looking into the amount of money that will have been collected by 2020 and whether the fund has been implemented properly and transparently. The target 13.b which focuses on the least developed countries or small developing states can be measured by

I have critiqued the current monitoring and evaluation systems of climate change adaptation interventions in three ways. In the first way, I conveyed the differences in logical approaches of current systems to

The IPCC 5th report on climate change dictates we may have hit the no-return mark before action of climate change becomes too late, with a high degree of agreement, it is clear that we live in a