Auditing Stages

CAS 300 requires auditors to their audit using a risk based model where the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures are based on the assessed risk of material misstatement. Pickett (2006) argues that for audits to be effective and efficient, much of the audit effort should be focused on areas that are considered to pose the highest audit risk. Additional audit procedures should be linked to individual audit assertions whereas other audit procedures need to be performed as and when needed. Thus, for an audit plan to be put in place, it is necessary for an auditor to come up with a risk profile of the client comprising an understanding of the business operating by the audit client, assess business risk and also perform its preliminary analytical review.

#3. Inherent Risk Factors; audit planning decisions. Businesses that face extreme competition are susceptible to many inherent risk factors – the measurement of the auditor’s assessment of the likelihood that there are material misstatements in an account balance before considering the effectiveness of internal control. Complex valuation issues and related party transactions are two such factors that would affect audit planning decisions. Valuation issues may lead the audit team to request more evidence, if they choose to accept the audit at all. Risks such as inventory turnover leading to potential misstatements of inventory, costs of goods sold, or obsolescence of inventory may influence the audit firm’s decision to hire outside specialists to assist in the audit. Another inherent risk factor, client business risk (competitive

17) The risk that the auditor will NOT detect a material misstatement that exists in an assertion is

The auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the FS whether due to error or fraud and to

This part of the audit case illustrates the manner in which the auditors design substantive tests of balances. The substantive tests are illustrated for two accounts—receivables and revenue. This aspect of the audit is illustrated with the following audit documentation: • ABC’s risk assessment working paper that combines the auditors’ assessments of inherent and control risks into an overall risk of material misstatement for the assertions. • The substantive audit program of accounts receivable and revenue. • The audit sampling plan for the confirmation of accounts receivable.

(2) Internal Control Phase: The auditor normally assesses the risk of material misstatement by examining both the general control environment and the application controls per business process

The media article indicated that Coles was facing more than $4 million fines, as ACCC argued its behaviour of lying about bread freshness could constitute breach of consumer law (SMH 2015). As the total amount of fines could be considerable, along with a negative impact on reputation, Coles could have entered into financial distress. The reason I chose this article was that most Australian people shop in Coles every week, thus the case is closely related to our life which is worth talking about. Besides, the article covered issue of sales and non-compliance of law which often attract auditors’ attention. The event mentioned in the article posed a risk to auditors in terms of inherent risk. Inherent risk means an auditor fails to identify or correctly understand the business risks that could result in material misstatement (Clubb 2015b). It is apparent that Coles’ behaviour is a non-compliance of law, which is included in business risk (Clubb 2015b). Therefore, auditors need to better understand the event highlighted in the article to increase the possibility of uncovering material misstatement. Auditors are held accountable for the problem because the problem may relate to potential misstatement in financial statements. If an auditor fails to uncover the misstatement, it is likely that he or she will issue a false opinion. However, auditor should express a true and fair view to increase the confidence of the external

A review and an audit report are both a form of an attestation engagement. A Review, however, is less in scope so it provides a moderate level of assurance on the financial statements. It is considered a “sniff” of an audit, which comparatively provides reasonable assurance that no material misstatements occurred. Since a review deals with a limited scope, it does not provide the basis for expressing an opinion on the presentation of the

Knowledge about risks related to the company evaluated as part of the auditor 's client acceptance and retention evaluation; and the relative complexity of the company 's operations. ( Auditing Standard No. 9 //. (n.d.).

The only aspect of an audit report that I was aware of is the inclusion of the four financial statements – statement of cash flows, balance sheet, income statement, and statement of retained earnings. It is the auditor’s job to express an opinion on the financial statements based on the review I did not know all of the detail that a report entails. I originally thought only the statements were given with no explanation. However, it is comprised of notes to financial statements to supplement the analysis, which includes endowment funds summary, income tax exemption information, recommendations, and the independent auditor’s report which outlines management’s responsibility as well as the auditors, their opinion, and report on summarized comparative

During the performance of this integrated audit, require numerous judgments about the internal control and overall financial reporting and how well it addresses risks of material misstatements within the financial statements (AICPA, 2014). After re-evaluating the previous errors found from the previous audit, the audit team found the corrective actions to be appropriate and justified in elimination of human error by implementing additional checks and balances within the manual process. No additional misstatements have been found and all internal controls off the financial reporting seem appropriate and just.

Rittenburg, Larry. Johnstone, Karla. Gramling, Audrey. (2012) Auditing: A Business Risk Approach 8e. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Following the risk assessment procedures, substantive procedures are designed and conducted to detect material misstatements of relevant assertions. Substantive procedures include analytical procedures and tests of details. Analytical procedures involve evaluations of financial statement information by a study of relationships among financial and nonfinancial data. Tests of details may be divided into three types. One test is the test of account balances to address whether there are misstatements in the ending balance of an account. In the case of Crazy Eddie, auditors should have put greater attention to inventory and accounts payable accounts. The second test is a test of classes of transactions to determine whether particular types of transactions have been properly accounted for during the period. Crazy Eddies fraudulently classified these transshipping transactions as retail sales to inflate its sales revenue and continue growth at existing stores. A key ratio for retailers is to compare growth in existing stores to growth from new stores. The third and final test is a test of disclosures to evaluate whether financial statement disclosures are properly presented. Crazy Eddie prepared bogus debit memos of over $20 million to understate accounts payable.

Field Work Standard #2 : The auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures (AICPA). Enron had no procedure for internal controls. Therefore, Anderson could not have sufficient understanding of the internal controls.

Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa definisi Pengendalian Intern yang dikemukakan commite on Auditing Procedur American Institute of Carified Public Accountant (ICPA) adalah sebagai beirkut :