Literature Review
EAD 608
A Constructive Approach to Language and Literacy
Jennifer Sullivan
By: Celine Pansin
Due: April 11th, 2016
Baby sign language has become societies next craze, the concept raising in popularity more and more (Grewe, Nelson &White, 2012). The term pertains to the concept of using visual and gestural signs to communicate. Caregivers, childcare settings and other institutes have started incorporating baby sign language into their everyday practices. Become a booming business with many websites, workshops, books etc., promising a beneficial tool for children to develop language and literacy skills earlier (Fletcher, Howlett, Kirk & Pine, 2013).
Research about baby sign relates to language development because it focuses
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For the study they the researched developed their own research strategy in the form of an electronic database that looked through other databases. As the database searched an exclusion and inclusion scale was set up to ensure that the only the eligible studies would be included. Included were studies of typically developed normal hearing children with normal hearing parents, exposed to baby sign before 36 months. Baby sign included symbolic gestures that represented objects and actions, which are types of sign taught in commercial baby sign products. Compared were results of children were taught and who weren’t taught baby sign. After finding all the studies that fit in the inclusion scale, researches when through the studies again. Specific data from the studies were taken for researches to look more in-depth …show more content…
M., Grandpierre, V., Johnston, J. C., & Thibert, J., (2014). How HANDy are baby signs? A systematic review of the impact of gestural communication on typically developing, hearing infants under the age of 36 months. First Language, 34(6), 486 – 509. doi:10.1177/0142723714562864
Acredolo, L. P., Brown, C. A., & Goodwyn, S. W (2000). Impact of Symbolic Gesturing on Early Language Development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2), 81-103.
Goldin-Meadow, S., & Iverson, J. M., (2005). Gesture Paves the Way for Language Development. Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 16(5), 367-371. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01542.x
Bloom K., Durieux-Smith, A., & Johnston, J. C., (2015) Teaching gestural signs to infants to advance child development: A review of the evidence. First Language, 25(2), 235-251. doi: 10.1177/0142723705050340
Fletcher, B., Howlett, N., Kirk, E., & Pine, K. J., (2013), To Sign or Not to Sign?: The Impact of Encouraging Infants to Gesture on Infant Language and Maternal Mind-Mindedness. Child Development, 84, 574–590. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01874.x
Grewe, J., Nelson, L. H., & White, K. R., (2012). Evidence for Website Claims about the Benefits of Teaching Sign Language to Infants and Toddlers with Normal Hearing. Infant & Child Development, 21(5), 474-502.
At this point we can begin to understand the limitations of body language, facial expression and gesture when language is not available. Although they allow for instant communication they cannot help a child to understand what is being seen or provide a way in which afterwards the child can communicate what she has seen. This means that children who only have the basic communication skills of body language, gesture and facial
Language is very important for one’s development because it can affect other areas of development and is critical to a child’s future success. For many other aspects of development, including cognitive, social and psychological language is very necessary. Language occurs before the baby is even a month old. For a developing child, the biggest thing that will contribute to our eventual language development is what we hear. Very soon, as a young infant, we demonstrate a sense of language just by simply the noise, movements, and expression that we make. Within the first year of life the baby is already babbling and speaking a hand full of words in their native language. Also they are much better at comprehending simple words spoken to them around
The objective of this essay is to explore the range of similarities and differences between Auslan (Australian Sign Language) and English. An evident difference between the two languages is in terms of morphology, where spoken languages are represented through words and sign languages are formed by signs (Aronoff, Meir & Sandler, 2005; Johnston & Schembri, 2007). However, a strong similarity is the demonstration of ‘duality of patterning’ perceived in both languages. Firstly, the parameters in Auslan are compared to phonemes in spoken English. The five gestural features of handshape, orientation, location, movement and non-manual features (NMF) are known as the parameters of sign production (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). This essay argues that despite their distinct manners, the parameters of Auslan have the same linguistic function as phonemes. In particular, NMF is compared to the varying intonation used by English speakers to discuss the similarities and differences. Secondly, the sets of rules present in both languages is contended as another similarity, with differences perceived in the additional function of an individual’s gesture found in Auslan. This essay acknowledges other similarities such as language attainment in babies and the development of new vocabularies in respect of time. Furthermore, it also recognises the difference found in the ability to disembodied spoken English compared to Auslan, however, it will focus on the function of parameters,
This is because speech production trails behind cognitive ability in the first years of life. Baby sign language proponents say that this gap between wanting to communicate and being unable to do so leads to tantrums and a lot of frustration. However, since hand-eye coordination comes ahead of verbal ability, infants are able to learn and apply simple signs for words such as 'milk,' 'more,' 'play,' 'eat,' 'sleep' and others before they can actually say the words.
Although there was no evidence of a previous sign language in Nicaragua, through their shared communication, these children were able to developed a “natural human language.” This chapter also addresses the importance of the linguistics experience. According to Lust, infants are exposed to language experience in the form of sound prior to being born. She goes on to state that infants are able to signal out their mother’s voice versus other female voices. Lust, also touches on the Motherese hypothesis, in which a mother alters her voice in order to communicate with her young children through higher pitch voices, simplified grammar, repetition, and slower speech. Although this form of communication is irrelevant towards a child acquisition of language, it is valuable between the bondage between mother and child. Chapter six covers many informative topics and while many are of great importance to address the chapter concludes that children are in fact considering the input they are receiving and imposing the
In order to fully understand the creation of American Sign Language (ASL), it must be understood that it is a form of communication. That means every sign has a meaning that is culturally bound just like languages in oral communication. That also means that the language has a distinctive origin. In fact, ASL carries “several linguistic features that are similar to spoken languages” (Rosen, 2008) such as the presence of homonyms and its constant evolution (Shaw & Delaporte, 2011). The unique concept about ASL, though, is that it actually has very strong ties and connections with the French Sign Language, also known as LFS. This connection is explained by Delaporte & Shaw (2009) and Shaw & Delaporte (2011) as being due to how ASL was formalized in the U.S. by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet with the help of a deaf French professor named Laurent Clerc who used LSF. Because “LFS
Babies prefer the sound of humans interacting to other sounds and from this, they quickly learn to recognise and identify their mother’s voice. Babies form their first relationship through emotional attachments with their mother or main carer. The first year of a baby’s life is a period of incredible growth, and a baby’s brain goes through critical periods during which stimulation is needed for proper development. During the babies first years, visual stimuli or verbal language is necessary for areas of the brain to grow and without this growth, a child’s vision or speaking abilities might be impaired. Infants tend to have different cries for hunger or pain, as well as making other noises. These abilities show your child is gaining communication and pre-language skills. Infants from birth to 6 months will forget about objects they cannot see however they begin to explore objects they can see and grab by putting them in their mouths. They will also follow moving objects with their eyes and look around at nearby objects. Infants in this stage will turn to look at a source of sound. These developmental milestones show a baby’s brain is developing and they are gaining new skills. From 7 to 12 months, infants also learn the idea of cause and effect, and they might repeat an action that causes a
seen and provide a way that afterwards the child can then understand and be able to communicate what they have seen effectively. These skills are all very crucial in helping children and young people to learn and manage how to listen and understand different concepts. They can then have a chance to develop their own opinions and ideas to then be able to participate in different decision making and problem solving in appropriate ways. Babies are nonverbal so to begin with they use sounds and facial expressions to communicate to adults expressing themselves and their needs (e.g. smiling, cooing and gurgling). Toddlers then start to have a small understanding and can use words and gestures to make connections to people and be able to develop their knowledge and understanding
English and ASL mixed, it does not provide children with an accurate model of either
Gwyneth Doherty-Sneddon bring up points like is it fair to the deaf community to teach hearing infants signs, do deaf children get the amount of help that they need, and is there really enough research to prove that it helps hearing children. She brings up that baby sign language is really nothing new as it has been used with children with developmental delays for decades to help them to be able to communicate, there has been research done to show that it helps with behavioral problems during preschool years and therefore preventing the possibility of negative parenting that is brought out due to the frustration of said bad behavior. She also points out that one of the arguments around baby sign is if preverbal nurslings actually “need” the
The second practice that supports the language development of all children is that of “Putting pointing and talking together” (Lally, 2006, p. 32) in which a caregiver will point to an object and say the name of the object that they are pointing at. Children can learn multiple words for multiple languages by a caregiver pointing at a chair, in which in English it is known as a “chair” but in Spanish it is known as a “silla” in which it is pronounced “Sill ya” yet the child would understand it once a caregiver points to it and will learn a new word for something in another language or their own.
Tim Riker’s presentation “Kindergarten Readiness for Deaf Children in American Sign Language” stressed the importance of introducing a visual language at a young age to Deaf children so they can have the same type of start as a hearing child.
Petitto & Marentette (1991) provides key evidence to suggest that ‘babbling’ is in fact a brain-based language capacity which enhances with maturity and not a speech-based phenomenon based on physical vocal maturation [1]. To reach this conclusion Petitto & Marentette (1991) conducted an experiment in which they analysed the vocal babbling of infants as well as the manual babbling of deaf infants [1]. The relevance of this decision is based on the fact, that sign language, like all other languages, is developed through language acquisition, thus if there is no correlation between manual babbling and vocal babbling, this would strength the stance that babbling is the product of physical maturation. The study, however, did conclude that manual
I have discovered that language is expressed in a wide variety of ways; orally, written words, pictures, through facial expressions or a person’s posture. A perfect example of this is a video depicting two toddler’s talking with one another even at this young age the two toddles are communicating without any real speech patterns and as the observer I could not help but notice that they were effectively expressing their thought with facial expressions
Language is a communicative system of words and symbols unique to humans. The origins of language are still a mystery as fossil remains cannot speak. However, the rudiments of language can be inferred through studying linguistic development in children and the cognitive and communicative abilities of primates as discussed by Bridgeman (2003). This essay illustrates the skills infants have that will eventually help them to acquire language. The topics covered are firstly, the biological aspects, the contribution of the human brain to language development? Secondly, key theories of language development will be considered. Is the development innate? Is there a critical period? Thirdly, what must be learned? What are the rudiments infants must