Veronika Kavun
Professor Allen Austin
SCI 2000
27 April 2016
Edible Alternatives To Single-Use Plastic In Food Industry
Plastic pollution has reached the all-time high. According to recent research, there are already more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250 000 tons afloat in the oceans (Eriksen et al., 2014). Sustainablecoastlines.org, a New Zealand Charity dedicated to cleaning up the island’s coastlines, estimates that 72.4% of all plastic pollution in the Pacific oceans consists of single use plastics, 22.5% of which is food wrappers, containers and bottle caps (“Our Impact”). Those numbers spell out an urgency to come up with a sustainable solution that will slow down the production of plastic debris while maintaining
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Biodegradable plastics, produced from food-based products rather than petroleum, although very promising, still represent a very small percentage of the waste problem. Those should be broken down only in specialized composting facilities through a controlled process that still produces considerable amounts of methane (Dell, 2010). Clearly, the issue needs a completely different approach. Edible alternatives to plastic are the next logical step to solving the contamination problem.
Designers of edible packaging borrowed the concept from nature. Just like apple or grape skins, those ultra-thin but strong membranes are capable of holding both liquid and solid foods while being completely washable. Edible plastics can be made from vegetables, fruits or nuts with some chitosan (biopolymer) or alginate (algae extract). Once those particles are gelatinized, they create the firm but edible skin which mimics resistance of conventional plastics. This kind of packaging will still need an outer box or a bag to keep the product clean on the shelf, but the individual servings will no longer have to be ripped open and discarded. Instead, they can be dissolved in hot liquid directly or rinsed off and eaten together with the contents. Some examples of this new zero-waste food industry ideas have already appeared on the
20 billion pounds of the world’s plastic winds up in the ocean annually. This plastic can be found swirling, covering about 40% of the world’s oceans surfaces (Center for Biological Diversity). Carried by water currents and wind combined, these man made, non-biodegradable materials have accumulated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to form the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP), also known as “the world’s largest landfill.” Estimated to be twice the size of Texas, the Patch spans from the West Coast of North America to Japan (National Geographic). Often thought of as large islands of floating plastic, in reality the GPGP is an area of plastics broken down into smaller polymer molecules distributed across the ocean (Grant A Harse). This area of tiny plastic polymers raises concerns of bio magnification, animal harm, ocean pollution, and human use of plastics. Because the GPGP is so far from any country’s coastline and is difficult to track, no nation is willing to take responsibility or provide funding to clean it up. In addition to this issue, policies that already have been formed only target point source ship dumping. 80% of ocean debris come from land, so only a small percentage of waste disposal from ships is addressed (Dautel, Susan). In order create a solution to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, human behaviors will have to change to reduce use and consumption of plastic and to push for urban runoff/nonpoint waste to be better addressed on the local, national, and
In the National Geographic article “Eight Million Tons of Plastic Dumped in Ocean Every Year”, author Laura Parker expresses how violent the simple act of dumping trash into the ocean really turns out to be. This article goes into depth telling exactly what plastics pollution is causing, where it’s mostly coming from, and what you can do to decrease this problem and help save both our planet and ocean wildlife.
Serving as the number one source of our plastic use, companies opt for plastic containers because it's easy, feasible, and convenient. Food packaging alone makes up for 30-40% of landfills with much of that plastic being carried into the oceans. Going off of this, a new concept that's quickly becoming popular are package free grocery stores. These cost- effective grocery stores have everything you could possible need in bulk form and consumers bring glass or reusable containers, or cloth bags and fill them with the food they need. First popping up in cities like Berlin, Vienna, and Barcelona, many are finding this a more sustainable and eco-friendly option resulting in these sort of grocery stores quickly spreading across the ocean, with the first one in the United States expected to open in Brooklyn, New York. Business operators are extremely optimistic that this could serve a very impactful solution to getting rid of unnecessary plastic. (Che Jenny).
Plastic pollution is one of today’s most pressing problems, and minimizing the use of straws is a feasible and realistic step in the right direction. Although the problem of pollution is widely understood, the extent of the damage by plastic straws is not as known or acknowledged. Education of children and adults is an integral component of shifting cultural norms and mindsets. With a more informed population, people will be more likely to refuse and forgo plastic utensils. Furthermore, businesses and influential icons play a vital role in this opportunity. Some restaurants give out both a cup and straw as a mere convenience and a no-straw policy implementation in such businesses can make a big difference. By initially targeting coastal areas of the United States to adopt eco-friendly methods, eventually this transition could inspire a nation-wide law to ban plastic straws to globally shift society-environment interactions to sustainability. While eliminating plastic straws entirely is ideal, it is difficult to make an abrupt shift; an attainable solution is to gradually switch to bio-degradable and eco-friendly straws like glass, metal,
150,000 tons of plastic are littered into our ocean each year, yet we do nothing to stop it. Plastic is capable of being deformed continuously and permanently in any direction without rupture, making it almost impossible for the plastic to disintegrate. Our population uses plastic for almost everything, once these objects are used they are left in the street, beaches, and other places, natural sources then carry the objects into the oceans. There, the plastic becomes stuck in currents, where it takes years to disintegrate. The only people benefiting from this are companies who produced the plastic. The problem is this plastic is harming marine life. Some simple solutions to this include using reusable water bottles instead of plastic water
Plastic bags have been used on a daily basis since 1977 (Williamson, 2003) as a means of carrying items such as groceries as they are not only convenient but also cheap. However, the over-use of plastic bags has posed significant threats to the environment in recent times as they are non-biodegradable and also a threat to wildlife. The primary reason for this concern is that plastics bags are not re-used, but simply disposed of in landfills.
From the polar regions to the equator, these microplastics are everywhere (Avio, 2017). While we know there are tons of plastic in the ocean, it is difficult for researchers to give an exact amount. However, after twenty-four expeditions, a team of researchers in 2014 estimated that there are at least 5.25 trillion plastic particles weighing 268,940 tons floating in the ocean (Eriksen, 2014). They estimate that the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans contain 55.6% of the particles found in the oceans (Eriksen, 2014). These researchers have helped give emphasis and proof as to why the worlds plastic consumption needs to be dealt with, either by banning non-biodegradable plastic all together, or by providing people all around the world with an easier way to recycle plastic.
The plastic around the world is building up to become a huge world problem. Each year eight million tons of plastic
Plastic in the Oceans: Having been to the Centers for Disease Control’s David J. Sencer Museum this past year, I was able to see the exhibition GYRE: The Plastic Ocean. The ocean has become littered with enormous amounts of plastic over the years and, in some places, entire islands can be found entirely composed of discarded or lost plastic objects. The sheer volume of new and current information currently being put forth on this topic makes it an excellent one for research.
The earth’s oceans take up roughly three fourths of the planet’s surface area and hold roughly 97 percent of all water on earth (Silverman). It is important that people make sure that the oceans are kept clean because the ocean contains many essential elements for the survival of both humans and animals. A rising problem that is not often brought up is the increasing amounts of man-made debris, especially plastic, that are accumulating in these waters that is slowly effecting the oceans ecosystem as well as the health of humans. Some may argue that the plastics have little effect on the environment but the facts show that this is not the case. The amount of ocean debris has increased
In modern times, it is undeniable that the world is facing a pollution crisis, but the spotlight is placed on carbon emissions causing global warming. However, an equally worrying crisis is taking place in the oceans of our world. In the Pacific Ocean exists a region known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch; a collection of plastic larger than the state of Texas. Unfortunately, 4 smaller regions are known to exist in the oceans of the worlds [1]. In addition, from a journal written by a group of researchers at the National Center for ecological Analysis and Synthesis, they could quantify the input of plastics to a staggering 8 million tons of plastics entering the oceans yearly [2]. Our innovation will address this pollution problem in the ocean and hopefully bring greater awareness to the public.
Plastic is a huge problem to the Earth’s ecosystem, including to the marine wildlife of the oceans. It gets into our oceans in large quantities, and they pile up to a point they become an “island of plastic.” Some of which are estimated to be as big as a few million square miles, the biggest being in the Pacific ocean. This could result in environmental issues that could harm the ecosystems of the oceans. It would be eaten in small quantities by fish and by birds, which could cause many health problems that could lead to death. This is a problem that will only lead us to think more critically the waste we produce as humans. In only of a short time span of 35 years, was the oceans transformed into a landfill of plastic.
1.3 billion tons of food is wasted every year on the planet, which means that almost half of the food production in the entire world is wasted each year. Food waste appears when food products are being thrown away without having been consumed by anyone. Thus, food wastes can arise directly from the consumer’s house, whenever people forget to eat the food and it starts to rot and they are obliged to throw it, or it may be a result of food losses during the production and transportation processes. In addition, over 30% of the fruits and vegetables in North America are not even displayed in grocery stores because they are not pretty enough. Food waste represents a major issue in today’s world where, inter alia, climate changes are noticeable and
The load withstanding property increases. It helps to satisfy today’s need of increased road transport.
Where does all the plastic go. Every bit of plastic that has been created is still here. This is because plastic is one-hundred percent non-biodegradable! Even the most degraded plastic down to polymers cannot be digested by bacteria (Laist, 1997). If global issues like starvation and climate change are not enough to stress on, the weight of an issue literally churning in the Pacific Ocean is startling. For decades the majority of the world’s population has not been properly educated on the nature of plastic and the potential harm it can do to our environment and our physical health. Due to factors of man and the natural effects of nature, a major problem has developed that is now harming our food.