Biochemical Reaction Lab Report

Of the many functions of proteins, catalysis is by far the most vital. When catalysis is not present, most reactions in the biological systems take place very slowly to produce at an adequate pace for metabolising organism. The catalysts that take this role are called enzymes. Enzymes are the most efficient catalysts; they can enhance rate of reaction by up to 1020 over uncatalysed reactions. (Campbell et al, 2012).

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Introduction:Enzymes are made up of proteins which are produced within living cells and act as catalysts which speed up chemical reactions. They are made up of long chains of amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Enzymes are structured to be

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction, which take place in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

2. Enzymes are used to regulate the rate of certain reactions without being chemically altered by the reaction itself. After each reaction process, the enzymes will separate from the product and can continue to be reused over and over again to catalyze other reactions. The reaction rate of enzymes will increase significantly if the concentration of substrate is increased because a higher concentration of substrate will allow enzymes bind to substrate particles more rapidly.

Enzymes speed up reactions by optimising reaction conditions and it does this by binding substrates to its active site and then in this position, it can lower the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy is the minimum amount of energy that a molecule

Enzymes are biological catalysts, they have specific functions and structures that catalyze chemical reactions within the body. Without the catalysing of these reactions, they would happen inefficiently and too slowly to sustain life. (Science Museum, 2017) Each reaction needs small amounts of energy to get started, this is known as activation energy. To start a chemical reaction, an enzyme works by lowering the amount of activation energy needed.

Section A Enzymes as Protein catalysts Enzymes are protein molecules and in the body, they catalyze biochemical reactions such as fructose metabolism and glycolysis. The enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The result is a faster rate of reaction compared to reaction rates in the absence of an enzyme. However, enzymes do not alter the reaction kinetics or interfere with the formation of products.

A chemical reaction requires that bonds in the reactants be broken. The initial energy that must be absorbed in order to break the bonds of the reactant molecule is called the energy of activation. Enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. For example,

The purpose of this experiment was to determine how the catalytic property of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme or ALP is affected by pH, enzyme concentration and temperature. The enzyme reaction rates in cellular activities were determined using a device called a spectrophotometer which measures absorbance. The spectrophotometer helped to measure the rate at which the absorbance changed in the solution and in turn the rate by which the reaction was being completed. It was found that in the acid solution of pH 2, the rate of change of absorbance for the ALP enzyme was -0.00002 or 0 A/second. In the neutral solution of 7, ALP’s rate of change of absorbance was 0.0007 A/second.

On May 4th, I worked on an experiment to speed up enzyme reactions. Three main things that affect the enzyme reactions are temperature, pH, and shape. For the temperature change, we used a mariabath which will heat up the beaker indirectly. This causes the reactions to speed up, but won’t make the solution go over its boiling point. As the experiment went along, various things were noticed in the enzyme mixtures.

Enzymes are biological catalysts for speed up chemical reactions. They can be lowering its activation energy to enhance reaction rate. Enzymes active site will only bind with certain substrates for chemical reaction to occur. In fact, almost all metabolic processes need enzymes for maintain fast rate for life in cell (Stryer L et al., 2002).

Introduction Background Information An enzyme is a biological catalyst. This means that it speeds up the rates of reactions, particularly those that are biological. The enzyme does not get used up in the reactions which it catalyzes. Instead, it remains unchanged such that it can be reused in similar reactions in the future.

This will be done by placing different pH levels in the mixture and recording the absorbance to compare (Madden, Fox, p.41). The final experiment will be test the effect of temperature has on reaction systems that contain enzymes (Madden, Fox, p.41). This will be done by adding enzyme extract to substances that will be tested at different temperatures to then record the absorbance to compare (Madden, Fox,